Browse Entries: L

there are 488 entries under the letter L

l'Acadie

n. a former French colony on the Atlantic coast of N. America, which included the present Maritime Provinces and adjacent parts of Quebec and New England.

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L'Assomption belt

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L'Assomption sash

a colorful sash, 4 to 6 inches wide and 8 to 10 feet long, so called because the best such sashes were made in L'Assomption, Quebec, and widely distributed as trade goods by the fur companies, especially in the design known as the arrow sash.

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L'Assumption belt

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L'Assumption sash

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L-town

n. Klondike City, Y.T.

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L.C.

1 See Lower Canada (def. 1).

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L.P.P.

Labor Progressive Party, a former name of the Communist party in Canada.

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La Belle Province

Quebec.

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La Cadia

a former French colony on the Atlantic coast of N. America, which included the present Maritime Provinces and adjacent parts of Quebec and New England.

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la foule

See quotes.

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la hille

an Indian gambling game taking various forms, the winner being the player to whom falls a marked object (as a disc) mixed with several similar but unmarked objects.

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la loche

a freshwater cod, Lota lota maculosa; burbot.

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Lab

n. a hunting dog developed from a breed originating in Labrador and Newfoundland, characterized by short, thick, usually black hair, broad head and chest, and outstanding performance as a retriever of game, both in water and on land.

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Labrador

1a n. either of two closely related evergreen shrubs, Ledum groenlandicum and L. decumbens var. palustre.

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Labrador dog

1 a breed of dog from which the Labrador retriever was developed.

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Labrador feldspar

a feldspar shot with blue, green, and other colors.

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Labrador herring

See quote.

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Labrador Ranger Force

a police force patterned on the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, formed in 1935 and absorbed by the R.C.M.P. in 1954.

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Labrador retriever

a hunting dog developed from a breed originating in Labrador and Newfoundland, characterized by short, thick, usually black hair, broad head and chest, and outstanding performance as a retriever of game, both in water and on land.

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Labrador shrub

either of two closely related evergreen shrubs, Ledum groenlandicum and L. decumbens var. palustre.

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Labrador spar

a feldspar shot with blue, green, and other colors.

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Labrador stone

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Labrador tea

1a either of two closely related evergreen shrubs, Ledum groenlandicum and L. decumbens var. palustre.

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Labrador tea plant

either of two closely related evergreen shrubs, Ledum groenlandicum and L. decumbens var. palustre.

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labradorite

n. n. a feldspar shot with blue, green, and other colors.

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Labradorman

1 n. a Newfoundland fisherman who summers on the Labrador coast, spending the winters at home.

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lacaishe

n. a small edible fish, Hiodon alosoides, native to the Lake Winnipeg region, but now found over a wider range in the Northwest.

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lacrosse

1 n. a game originating among the Indians and played by two teams, the players passing a ball to each other on the run or throwing it at the opponents' goal by means of a lacrosse stick.

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lacrosse box

the board-enclosed playing area used in box lacrosse.

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lacrosse stick

a stick hooked at one end and strung with leather thongs crosshatched by strings of gut to form a kind of pouch for carrying and throwing a ball in the game of lacrosse.

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Ladies' Aid (Society)

an organization of women who raise funds and contribute other help in supporting the work of a church.

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lady

n. a harlequin duck, Histrionicus histrionicus. See lord and lady (duck) 1956 quote.

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Lady of the Snows 

Canada.

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lahal

n. an Indian gambling game taking various forms, the winner being the player to whom falls a marked object (as a disc) mixed with several similar but unmarked objects.

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lair

n. a kind of portable bunk used by lumbermen on a drive.

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lake boat

a vessel designed for service on the Great Lakes.

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lake carrier

a freighter designed for service on the Great Lakes.

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lake char

a North American char, Cristivomer namaycush, having important commercial value.

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lake fever

a fever resembling typhoid and contracted from drinking the polluted water of lakes and rivers.

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lake man

a sailor who sails the Great Lakes.

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lake salmon

a North American char, Cristivomer namaycush, having important commercial value.

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lake salmon, Mackinaw trout, namaycush, salmon trout

(def. 1), togue, touladi, and white trout.

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lake trout

a North American char, Cristivomer namaycush, having important commercial value.

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Lake Winnipeg goldeye

a small edible fish, Hiodon alosoides, native to the Lake Winnipeg region, but now found over a wider range in the Northwest.

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Lakehead

1 n. the western end of Lake Ontario: the vicinity of Burlington, Hamilton, and Niagara-on-the-Lake.

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laker

1 n. a North American char, Cristivomer namaycush, having important commercial value.

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Lakes

n. pl. Lakes Ontario, Erie, Huron, Michigan, and Superior.

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lakeshore line

a long line used in the timber trade for getting logs from the shore to the vessels which were to carry them to market.

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lakeshore loading

the practice of loading timber onto vessels directly from the shore by means of lakeshore lines.

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lamb wagon

n. See quote at lambing pen.

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lambing pen

a pen or corral where ewes and lambs are protected.

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lampfish

n. a small fish, Thaleicthys pacificus, of the smelt family, native to the Pacific coast.

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land

v. enter or be permitted to enter Canada as a landed immigrant.

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land agency office

the office of a land agent (def. 1).

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land agent

1 n. a broker who assists settlers in obtaining or selling land.

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land agent office

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land beaver

n. See bank beaver 1964 quote.

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land black snake

n. See black rat snake quotes.

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land board

in Upper Canada, a body of officials appointed in each district to receive and report upon applications for land.

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land carriage

See portage n. (def. 2).

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land cod

the burbot, Lota lota.

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land company 

a company holding extensive blocks of land for sale to settlers.

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land council

in Upper Canada, a body of officials appointed in each district to receive and report upon applications for land.

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land fever 

a strong desire to obtain title to public lands offered for settlement.

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land God gave (to) Cain

the rocky, barren coast of Labrador.

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land grant

1 a grant of public land made as part payment to a company contracting to build a railway.

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land locator 

during the settlement of the West, an official of the government or a land company who met settlers and directed them to available homesteads.

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Land of (the) Little Sticks

a sub-arctic zone of stunted spruce and dwarf willow lying between the forests and the Barren Grounds in northern Canada.

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Land of Evangeline

the region of Grand Pré, on the west shore of Nova Scotia, the home of Evangeline, the heroine of Longfellow's poem concerning the expulsion of the Acadians.

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Land of the Midnight Sun

n. the Far North.

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Land of the North Wind

the district of Keewatin (def. 2), the Cree name for the north wind.

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land office 

a government office that handles business relating to public lands.

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land otter

the Canadian otter, Lutra canadensis.

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land pack

sea ice that is anchored to the shore and extends seaward in a great shelf.

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land portage

a definite crossing place over land between two sea-ice routes.

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land shark 

a person who buys up large amounts of land usually intending to profit by speculation.

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land sky

See quote.

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land's height

a watershed.

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land-board certificate

1 a certificate issued to a person granted land by a land board.

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land-crossing

n. a definite crossing place over land between two sea-ice routes.

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land-floe

n. sea ice that is anchored to the shore and extends seaward in a great shelf.

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land-grabber 

n. a person who buys up large amounts of land usually intending to profit by speculation.

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land-grabbing

n. the activity of a land-grabber.

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land-guide

n. during the settlement of the West, an official of the government or a land company who met settlers and directed them to available homesteads.

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land-ice

n. sea ice that is anchored to the shore and extends seaward in a great shelf.

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land-jobber

n. a person who buys up large amounts of land usually intending to profit by speculation.

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land-jobbing

n. the activity of a land-grabber.

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land-jumping

n. the practice of taking over another person's land by illegal or dishonest means.

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land-miner

n. See 1920 quote.

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land-scrip

1 a government certificate which entitled the holder to locate on a stated amount of public land.

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landed immigrant

a person admitted to Canada as a potential settler and citizen of Canada.

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landing 

1a n. originally, that part of a river bank where logs were piled ready to be rolled into the water at spring break-up; also, the apron. Now also applied to log dumps from which logs are transported by trucks or railway cars.

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landing camp

See quote.

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landing snye

a river side-channel used by bush pilots for landing aircraft equipped with floats or, in winter, skis.

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landlock (salmon)

n. any of various freshwater salmon; as the ouananiche and the kokanee.

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landlocked salmon 

any of various freshwater salmon; as the ouananiche and the kokanee.

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landlocker

n. any of various freshwater salmon; as the ouananiche and the kokanee.

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landsharp

n. a person who buys up large amounts of land usually intending to profit by speculation.

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landsman

n. a sealer who goes to the ice (def. 1) on foot rather than on a ship.

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Large Canoe

a large freight canoe, measuring about 40 feet and capable of carrying 4 to 5 tons, used for the voyage from Montreal to the Grand Portage. See picture at Montreal canoe.

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large plains

the great plains of the West.

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large prairies

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large-horned sheep

a sheep, Ovis canadensis, found in the western mountains.

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lariat

1 n. originally, a long halter or tether of braided rawhide or horsehair; now, usually, a lasso.

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larrigan

n. a type of moccasin of oil-tanned cowhide having uppers reaching almost to the knee and, usually, flexible soles.

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larriganed

adj. shod with larrigans.

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lash 

n. a long rope used to secure the load on a pack animal, sled, etc. Also lashing-rope.

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lash-line

n. a long rope used to secure the load on a pack animal, sled, etc.

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lashed-boats

n. pl. See 1938 quote.

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lasso ((n.)) 

n. a long rope, of ten, in earlier days, of braided rawhide or horsehair, having a running noose at one end, used for roping cattle, horses, etc.

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lasso ((v.))

1a v. catch with a lasso.

2 v. tie up (an animal) to prevent bucking and kicking.

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last frontier

the Canadian North.

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last ice

the ice that permits travel just prior to break-up.

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last woods

See 1955 quote.

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late Loyalist

an American settler who moved into Canada (1790-1800) after the influx of the true refugees, the motive usually being to take advantage of the Crown lands being opened for settlement.

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lateer

n. maple-syrup candy, often made by pouring the syrup over the snow so that it hardens in brittle sheets.

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later Loyalist

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latigo 

n. See 1962 quote.

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laughing goose

a grayish-brown goose, Anser albifrons, having a white face and a black-blotched breast and breeding in the Canadian Arctic.

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launcher

n. a shallow place where a boat or canoe had to be partly unloaded before it could proceed.

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Laurentia

n. the region north of the St. Lawrence River, formerly New France and its hinterland.

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Laurentian barrier

a vast area of mineral-rich, mostly granitic, Pre-Cambrian rock surrounding Hudson Bay and extending as far southward as the Great Lakes.

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Laurentian belt

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Laurentian coalition

See quote.

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Laurentian plateau

a vast area of mineral-rich, mostly granitic, Pre-Cambrian rock surrounding Hudson Bay and extending as far southward as the Great Lakes.

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Laurentian Shield

a vast area of mineral-rich, mostly granitic, Pre-Cambrian rock surrounding Hudson Bay and extending as far southward as the Great Lakes.

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Laurierite

n. a supporter of the political views and principles of Sir Wilfrid Laurier, specifically with regard to the issue of conscription during World War I.

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lawn social

a garden party.

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lay ((n.))

1 n. a lease to work a gold claim for a share, usually half, of the proceeds.

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lay ((v.))

v. haul (logs) from the cutting site and pile them ready for dumping into the river in the spring.

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lay on the lumber

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lay over

suspend enforcement, usually during winter, of the law requiring a miner to work his claim without interruptions of more than three consecutive days.

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lay up

v. haul (logs) from the cutting site and pile them ready for dumping into the river in the spring.

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layman

n. a person holding a lay (def. 1).

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lazarus

n. a variety of seal.

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le Grand Pays

originally among fur traders and now generally in the North, the settled, civilized parts of Canada; civilization.

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le Petit Nord

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lead ((n.)) 

n. an opening in an icefield.

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lead ((v.))

v. drag a canoe upstream by hand, walking ahead, hand on gunwale.

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lead boom

a small boom having one end anchored to the shore and the other swinging out into the stream to direct logs into a holding boom.

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lead dog

in a dog team, the dog, sometimes a female, who leads the team, setting the pace and carrying out the driver's commands.

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leader

1 n. the leader and spokesman of a band of Indians trading at a fur post, often appointed by the factor and rewarded with a captain's coat.

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leader dog

in a dog team, the dog, sometimes a female, who leads the team, setting the pace and carrying out the driver's commands.

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leading place

a shallow or rocky place in a river, where a canoe had to be pulled along by hand.

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league

n. See 1933 quote.

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Leagueman

n. a member of the British North America League.

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lean-to

1a n. See 1966 quote.

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leaning fence

an old-fashioned rail fence having all the posts set at an angle of 40 degrees.

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lease

n. a tract of land set aside for the grazing of livestock and leased to ranchers by the government.

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leather

n. See 1904 quote.

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leather brigade

a special party which carried buffalo, caribou, and moose hides to the New Caledonian posts of the Hudson's Bay Co. from the prairies.

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leather party

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Leather Pass

The Yellowhead Pass. See 1906 quote.

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leather track

the route through the Leather Pass.

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leather trail

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leatherwood 

n. a small tree or shrub, Dirca palustris, having tough, pliant bark.

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leavings

n. pl. a point where travellers left a water route to take a trail leading across the plains.

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ledge

n. a long, narrow strip (of trees).

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legal Indian

n. See registered Indian 1964 quote.

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leggings

n. pl. a pair of coverings for the legs, usually made of dressed skins and often reaching from ankles to hips, where they are fastened to a belt, originally used by the Indians.

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legislative assembly

since Confederation, the elected legislative body in each Canadian province, forming the total legislature in all provinces except Quebec, where it is the lower house in a bicameral system.

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legislative building

in each Canadian province, the building housing the legislative assembly.

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legislative council

1 in colonial times, a body of persons, usually appointed by the governor to act as his advisors, first acting as a unicameral legislature and later as the upper house of a bicameral body, the lower house being an elective assembly.

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legislative councillor

1 a member of a legislative council (def. 1).

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legislature

n. since Confederation, the elected legislative body in each Canadian province, forming the total legislature in all provinces except Quebec, where it is the lower house in a bicameral system.

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leopard seal

a small seal, Phoca vitulina, common on the East Coast.

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lessee post

one of a number of fur-trading and fishing posts in Quebec, most of them in the King's Domain.

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lesser Newfoundland

a breed of dog from which the Labrador retriever was developed.

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lesser snow goose

See white wavey.

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let pass

a permit issued by the North West Mounted Police, permitting the bearer to cross the Canada-United States border.

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leve

imper. v. the traditional voyageur summons to awake and get ready for the trail, shouted several times by the guide.

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levee 

1 n. in Canada, a formal reception, usually for men only, held New Year's morning by the Governor General, lieutenant-governors, and, sometimes, mayors.

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level crossing

a place where a railway line crosses a public road or highway.

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level rail crossing

a place where a railway line crosses a public road or highway.

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liard

n. See 1955 quote and Balm of Gilead.

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Liberal ((adj.))

adj. or attrib. supporting, associated with, or belonging to the Liberal Party (def. 2).

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Liberal ((n.))

1 n. in colonial times, a member of the faction opposing the governor and his Tory followers.

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Liberal Party

1 in colonial times, the reform group.

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Liberal-Conservative ((adj.))

adj. or attrib. supporting the Liberal-Conservative Party.

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Liberal-Conservative ((n.))

n. a member or supporter of the Liberal-Conservative Party.

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Liberal-Conservative Party

n. a political group that developed in the last half of the nineteenth century, claiming to occupy a position between reactionary Tories and radical Reformers.

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Liberal-Progressive

n. in Manitoba, a political party made up of a coalition of Liberals and Conservatives.

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licensed house 

a hotel licensed to sell beer and liquor on complying with certain government regulations. See 1915 quote.

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lick 

1 n. a small spring or stream containing salt from local deposits and used by animals as a source of salt.

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licking place

a place where the ground contains particles of salt and other minerals, resorted to by wild animals.

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licorice (root)

n. See 1955 quote.

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lieutenant-governor 

1 n. in colonial times, the chief executive officer in a colony or province, subordinate to the governor general.

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lieutenant-governor-in-council

n. the executive government of a province, considered as the lieutenant-governor acting with the advice and consent of the provincial cabinet.

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life-line

n. a stout rope running from a settler's house to his stable, necessary during blizzards as a guide and support.

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lift

1 n. the distance or track between two such stopping places.

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light canoe

1 See 1952 quote.

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light wagon

a one-horse vehicle having two seats in front and a space for light freight in the back.

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light-jack

n. a light used at night to attract fish.

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lighten

v. make a décharge (def. 2).

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lightening place

a shallow place where a boat or canoe had to be partly unloaded before it could proceed.

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lily-pad ice

See quote.

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lime-heap

n. a great heap of logs surmounted by a frame holding broken pieces of limestone which were rendered into lime when the logs were set on fire, a by-product of the burn (def. 1) in land clearing.

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limit

n. (usually plural) a tract of forested land the bounds of which have been established by the government, which leases or sells the rights to fell and remove timber.

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line ((n.))

1a n. a strong line or rope used in tracking (def. 1).

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line ((v.))

1 v. mark a log for cutting into square timber.

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line down

v. draw or haul a canoe downstream.

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line fence 

a fence on a property line, as between two farms or next to the road allowance.

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line of road

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line post

a fur post close to a railway line.

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line rider

a horseman patrolling the Canada-U.S. border to head off whisky-traders, rustlers, and other undesirables.

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line through

engage in tracking (def. 1).

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line up

draw or haul a canoe upstream.

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line-horse

n. a horse used in skidding logs from the cutting area to the landing.

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line-mark

n. the mark made by the liner.

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line-up 

n. a line of persons waiting with a common objective, such as buying tickets.

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liner

n. See quotes.

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lines

1 n. pl. the outer limit of a town; the open area at the edge of a town.

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linesman

n. an official who assists the referee by calling offsides and certain other infractions of the rules.

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ling 

1 n. a freshwater cod, Lota lota maculosa; burbot.

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ling cod

a species of cod, Ophiodon elongatus, native to the North Pacific.

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lining

n. the action or activity of one who tracks.

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link

n. a North American wildcat, Lynx canadensis, having prominently tufted ears, large cushioned paws, and a black tail-tip.

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lion

n. a large, wild cat, Felis concolor, once common but now confined to southwestern Canada.

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liquor commission

in a territory, a regulatory body having functions similar to those of a liquor control board in a province.

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liquor control board

a government board regulating the distribution and sale of alcoholic beverages within a province.

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liquor store

an outlet for the sale of liquor, beer, and wines, operated by the liquor control board of a province or the liquor commission of a territory.

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lisse

n. See 1897 quote.

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Little Company

See quotes.

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Little Emperor

Sir George Simpson (d. 1860), Governor of the Hudson's Bay Co. from 1826 to 1860.

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Little Haymaker

a small mammal of the genus Ochotona, found in the western mountain region.

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little Mac(k)

William Lyon Mackenzie, 1795-1861 (a derogatory allusion to his small stature).

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little parliament

See quote.

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Little Potties

a member of the X.Y. Company.

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little red fish

a dwarf landlocked salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka kennerlyi, native to southern British Columbia.

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Little Rockies

See quote.

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little sticks

the stunted trees on the edge of the barrens.

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Little York

York, U.C., now Toronto, Ont.

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little-chief (hare) 

n. a small mammal of the genus Ochotona, found in the western mountain region.

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live off the country

subsist on the food available in a region, as game, fish, berries.

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live off the land

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live on the country

subsist on the food available in a region, as game, fish, berries.

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live on the land

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liveyere 

1 n. a permanent resident of the coast of Labrador, as opposed to the fishermen coming from Newfoundland for the fishing season.

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living wanigan

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living-house

n. of the several houses built by a muskrat, the one he sleeps in.

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livre 

1 n. an old French unit of currency used in New France and in Quebec for some time after the advent of the British regime.

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loach

n. a freshwater cod, Lota iota maculosa; burbot.

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loaded ice

See quote.

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loader

n. See 1942 quote.

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loading timber

See quotes.

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lob-shot

n. a deceptive, slow-moving shot on goal.

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lobster cop

a government official who enforces the laws governing lobster trapping.

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Lobster Lad

a Prince Edward Islander.

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lobster pound

See quote.

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lobster spearing

See quote.

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lobstick

1 n. (originally associated with the northern Indians) a tall, conspicuous spruce or pine denuded of all but its topmost branches to serve as a mark of honor for a friend, as a monument, or often as a living talisman of the man for whom it was made.

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local assembly

a colonial or a provincial legislature.

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local government board

a provincial-government body charged with overseeing the activities of the various municipal governments.

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local house

a colonial or a provincial legislature.

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local improvement district

1 a district administered by provincial-government officials because it is too thinly populated to merit a municipal government of its own.

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local legislature

a colonial or a provincial legislature.

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local parliament

a colonial or a provincial legislature.

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local premier

n. the chief executive officer of a local legislature; a provincial premier.

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locate

1 v. I (often passive) establish (someone) legally as a settler on land under terms of settlement set by the government.

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located

adj. of land, taken up legally by settlers; homesteaded.

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locatee

n. a person having a location.

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locating

n. See quote.

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location

1a n. a parcel of government land applied for and granted for purposes of settlement.

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location certificate

See location ticket 1822 quote.

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location notice

a document relating to the staking and registering of a legal claim.

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location ticket

1 See 1822 quote.

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locator 

1 n. a person who stakes and registers a mining claim.

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loche

n. a freshwater cod, Lota iota maculosa; burbot.

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loci(e)

n. any of several kinds of hauling engines used in mining and logging operations.

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lock-stick

n. the log which when released will free a jam.

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loco ((1)) 

n. a weed, Oxytropis sericea, poisonous to grazing animals.

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loco ((2))

n. any of several kinds of hauling engines used in mining and logging operations.

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locoweed

n. a weed, Oxytropis sericea, poisonous to grazing animals.

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lode mine

n. a hardrock mine, as opposed to a placer mine.

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lode-mining

n. the operation of lode mines.

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lodge

2a n. an Indian dwelling, as a teepee, or wigwam.

4b n. a hotel for accommodating guests in a resort area.

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lodge leather

dressed skins of buffalo, moose, or caribou, used for making lodges.

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lodgepole

1a n. one of the poles forming the framework for a teepee or wigwam.

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lodgepole pine 

a slim, straight pine, Pinus contorta var. latifolia, common in the Rocky Mountain region, so called because the young trees make good lodgepoles.

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lodgepole spruce

a slim, straight pine, Pinus contorta var. latifolia, common in the Rocky Mountain region, so called because the young trees make good lodgepoles.

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lods et ventes 

in New France, one of several seigneurial rights transplanted with the Coutume de Paris, namely, the right to a twelfth part of the purchase price of every estate changing hands by sale or transfer, abolished with the institution of seigneurial tenure in 1854.

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log ((v.))

1 v. in clearing land, remove trees by felling, cutting into lengths, and piling ready for burning, splitting, etc.

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log barge

a huge barge onto which logs are loaded for transporting from the dump (def. 2) to the mill.

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log birler

n. a lumberjack who birls logs, often in a contest or competition.

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log bronc

a small tug used to control a boom of logs under tow or in the booming grounds.

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log burning

n. See burning 1832 quote.

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log camp 

a camp at which logging (def. 2) is carried on.

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log canoe 

a canoe hewn from a single log. [See picture at dugout canoe.]

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log causeway

a road over swampy or muddy terrain built of logs laid side by side at right angles to the way.

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log chain

1 n. a strong chain used for hauling logs, pulling stumps, etc.

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log crib

n. in the Ottawa Valley especially, one of the small units or assemblages of logs that, in groups of 25 or 30, formed a raft of timber, used in driving from the camps to the mills or shipping points.

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log crossway

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log deck

n. See quotes.

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log dog

See 1947 quote.

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log drive

n. a specific collection of logs being floated downstream at high water from the timber limits to a mill or shipping point.

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log driver

a man who takes part in the process of floating or driving logs.

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log dump 

n. a place where logs are piled, as on the bank of a river, by a railway siding, road, etc., ready for moving out to the mill.

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log flume

a wooden water trough for floating logs from one point to another.

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log haul-up

an escalator-type moving iron belt that carries the logs from the mill pond into the mill's conveying system or to the mill's slasher where the logs are cut smaller.

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log off

remove timber for commercial use.

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log pen

1 n. a barrier of logs or other timbers linked by chains and serving to restrain or enclose floating logs, pulpwood, etc.

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log pond

an expanse of quiet water where logs, often retained by a boom, are penned till needed.

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log run

a specific collection of logs being floated downstream at high water from the timber limits to a mill or shipping point.

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log shack

a shack built of logs.

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log shanty

1 a crude hut used as a dwelling by lumbermen in the bush.

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log sled

a kind of sled used in hauling pulpwood logs.

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log slide

an artificial sluiceway down which logs or cribs may be directed to avoid rapids, falls, or other obstructions in a river.

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log sluice

a wooden water trough for floating logs from one point to another.

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log tack

an escalator-type moving iron belt that carries the logs from the mill pond into the mill's conveying system or to the mill's slasher where the logs are cut smaller.

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log tent

1 an A-shaped shed made by laying logs up to a ridgepole and chinking with moss and clay.

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log tow

a collection of boomed logs rigged for towing.

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log trap

1 a kind of deadfall.

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log up

1 v. in clearing land, remove trees by felling, cutting into lengths, and piling ready for burning, splitting, etc.

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log village

a small settlement having cabins, stores, etc. built of logs.

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log-bee

n. a gathering of neighbors to clear land by logging.

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log-birling

n. the act of birling logs, especially in competition.

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log-boom

n. a barrier of logs or other timbers linked by chains and serving to restrain or enclose floating logs, pulpwood, etc.

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log-guard

n. a small boom having one end anchored to the shore and the other swinging out into the stream to direct logs into a holding boom.

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log-heap

n. a great pile of logs for burning when clearing land, as at a logging bee.

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log-jam

1a n. a massing together of logs, as in a river drive, as a result of some obstruction to their forward progress.

2 n. a protective framework of logs intended to keep ice from damaging a ship's hull.

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log-load ((n.))

n. a capacity load.

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log-load ((v.))

v. See first quote.

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log-maker

n. See 1947 quote.

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log-making

n. See quotes.

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log-pile

n. a pile of logs ready for driving or hauling.

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log-pond man

a man who works at a pond.

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log-pool

n. an expanse of quiet water where logs, often retained by a boom, are penned till needed.

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log-rider

n. a person whose occupation is logging.

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log-roller

n. a logger, especially one who worked with sawlogs rather than square timber.

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log-rolling 

1b n. a gathering of neighbors to clear land by logging.

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log-trough roof

a roof made of scoops.

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log-way 

1 n. a road over swampy or muddy terrain built of logs laid side by side at right angles to the way.

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logboggan

n. See quote.

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logbooming

n. the practice of penning logs in booms.

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logcock 

n. the pileated woodpecker, Dryocopus pileatus.

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logged

adj. cleared of timber through logging operations.

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logged road

n. a road over swampy or muddy terrain built of logs laid side by side at right angles to the way.

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logged-off 

adj. cleared of timber through logging operations.

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logged-out

adj. cleared of timber through logging operations.

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logger 

1 n. a person whose occupation is logging.

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logging

1a n. See quotes.

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logging bee

v. a gathering of neighbors to clear land by logging.

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logging camp 

a camp at which logging (def. 2) is carried on.

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logging chain

n. a strong chain used for hauling logs, pulling stumps, etc.

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logging division

n. an area in which logging is being carried on; logging camp.

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logging drive

a specific collection of logs being floated downstream at high water from the timber limits to a mill or shipping point.

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logging road 

a bush road made for hauling logs from the cutting area.

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logging-shirt

n. See quote.

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lokey

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lollacapop

n. a kind of insect repellant; mosquito dope.

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lolly

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Lombard sock

See quote.

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Lone Land

1 the immense, sparsely populated prairies prior to 1900.

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long campfire

See long fire 1921 quote.

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long fire

See 1921 quote.

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Long Knife 

n. in Indian parlance, originally, a Virginian; in Canada, an American; U.S. citizen.

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Long Night

the Arctic winter.

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long slide

a style of play in which the curler takes a long slide along the ice when delivering his stone from the hack.

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long stoop

See quote.

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long tom 

a long box or trough containing riffles (def. 2) by means of which gold is separated from gravel. [See picture at sluice-box.]

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Long Trail

1 the long route into the fur country of the Northwest.

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Long Traverse

(a euphemism for death) See 1931 quote.

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long-handled underwear

warm underwear having ankle-length legs and, usually, long sleeves.

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long-line 

n. a long fishing line having many baited hooks, used for deep-sea commercial fishing.

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long-line skinner

a teamster skilled in driving several span of horses or mules by means of long reins.

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longer ((n.))

n. long poles or timber in the rough, used for building fishing stages, fences, floors, etc.; stringer.

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longer ((v.))

v. build or repair with longers.

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longer fence

See 1832 quote.

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longhouse

1 n. among the Indians of the Five Nations (Iroquois) and the Hurons, a communal dwelling and council house about 20 feet wide and varying in length, the centre of political and religious life.

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longhouse marriage

among non-Christian Iroquois, a marriage ceremony conducted according to the ancient tribal traditions.

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longhouse religion

the ancient pagan religious beliefs of the Iroquois people.

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longliner

n. a fishing vessel that uses long-lines.

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longlinerman

n. a fisherman on a longliner.

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longlining

n. fishing with a long-line.

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longshoreman

n. in northern Labrador, a person who lives along the coast.

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Longstocking

n. See 1957 quote.

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longtailed duck

a common duck, Clangula hyemalis, of the northern hemisphere.

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lookout

1 n. a high tower from which a trained forestry employee watches for forest fires and reports the position so that action may be taken to fight them.

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lookout man

a forester who mans a lookout tower.

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lookout tower

a high tower from which a trained forestry employee watches for forest fires and reports the position so that action may be taken to fight them.

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loper

n. a mixture of Canadian French, Cree and, sometimes English spoken by the Métis of the older generation.

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lopped stick

(originally associated with the northern Indians) a tall, conspicuous spruce or pine denuded of all but its topmost branches to serve as a mark of honor for a friend, as a monument, or often as a living talisman of the man for whom it was made.

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lopstick

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lord

n. a harlequin duck, Histrionicus histrionicus. See lord and lady (duck) 1956 quote.

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lord and lady (duck)

a harlequin duck, Histrionicus histrionicus. See 1956 quote.

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Lord's Day Act (of Canada)

an act passed by the federal government in 1906 to prevent the introduction of non-essential commerce and commercial entertainment on Sunday.

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Lord's Day Alliance (of Canada)

an interchurch body founded in 1888 to preserve Sunday as a day of rest, prominent in the movement leading to the passing of the Lord's Day Act.

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Lords of the North

a fur-trading syndicate with its headquarters at Montreal, organized between 1775 and 1783 and absorbed by the Hudson's Bay Company in 1821.

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losh

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losivants

n. pl. in New France, one of several seigneurial rights transplanted with the Coutume de Paris, namely, the right to a twelfth part of the purchase price of every estate changing hands by sale or transfer, abolished with the institution of seigneurial tenure in 1854.

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lot 

1a n. in colonial Nova Scotia, one of the 100-acre parcels of land making up a surveyed division.

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lot line

the survey line marking each of the four sides of a lot.

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lots et ventes

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louche

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loup-cervier

n. a North American wildcat, Lynx canadensis, having prominently tufted ears, large cushioned paws, and a black tail-tip.

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loup-garou

1 n. a werewolf.

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loup-marin

n. a seal.

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Louse Town

Klondike City, Y.T.

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low runner

a type of sleigh having two low wooden runners which barely raised the box off the surface of the snow; a crude type of cariole (def. 1).

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low-bush cranberry

a shrub, Viburnum edule; also, its fruit. See note at mooseberry.

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Low-Town

n. the part of a towlying closest to the water front, usually the oldest part of the town and that where many business establishments are located; specifically, this part of Quebec City.

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Lower Canada

1a from 1791-1841, the official name of the province lying between the Ottawa River and New Brunswick, now included in Quebec.

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Lower Canadian

a native or resident of Lower Canada, especially a French-speaking Canadian.

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Lower City

1 the part of a town lying closest to the water front, usually the oldest part of the town and that where many business establishments are located; specifically, this part of Quebec City.

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Lower Colonies

the Atlantic provinces, especially Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, as opposed to the Canadas.

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lower countries

the trading region to the south and west of the Great Lakes in the headwaters of the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers.

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Lower House

the legislative body in a province of British North America, usually the lower of two bodies [see House of Assembly].

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Lower Lakes

Lakes Ontario and Erie, two of the Great Lakes.

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Lower Province

from 1791-1841, the official name of the province lying between the Ottawa River and New Brunswick, now included in Quebec; from 1841-1867, the popular name for Canada East [see Lower Canada defs. 1a & 1b].

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Lower Provinces

1 the Atlantic provinces, especially Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, as opposed to the Canadas.

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Lower Provincial

of or having to do with the Lower Provinces; also a native or resident of these provinces.

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Lower Town

1 the part of a town lying closest to the water front, usually the oldest part of the town and that where many business establishments are located; specifically, this part of Quebec City.

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Lower Townships

eleven Quebec townships lying south of the St. Lawrence River and east of the Richelieu River, an area settled in large part by Loyalists and other American immigrants but now populated largely by French-speaking Canadians.

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Lower-Canadian

adj. of or having to do with Lower Canada or Lower Canadians.

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Lower-Canadian breed

a breed of sturdy, black draught horse developed in Quebec from stock brought to Canada by early French settlers.

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Loyal Grit

See quote.

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Loyalist

1a n. one of a large number of persons loyal to the British Crown during the American Revolution, many of whom came to the eastern provinces of Canada as settlers during the Revolution and for some years afterwards.

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Loyalist Province

New Brunswick, because originally settled by United Empire Loyalists.

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lucerver

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lucifee

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lucififer

n. See quote.

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lucivee

n. a North American wildcat, Lynx canadensis, having prominently tufted ears, large cushioned paws, and a black tail-tip. Also, the pelt of the lynx. Also spelled luce(r)vi, lucerver, lucifee, etc.

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luggage canoe

a large canoe (from 20 to 30 feet long), used for transporting goods, especially in the North.

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luggage-boat

n. a skin boat, 30-40 feet long, 4-5 feet wide, and 3 feet deep, having a flat bottom and narrowing at bow and stern, used for carrying freight and passengers and traditionally rowed by Eskimo women. [See picture at oomiak.]

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lully

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lumber ((n.))

1 n. rough-sawn or finished planks, boards, etc.

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lumber ((v.))

1 v. Lumbering (often with off) remove timber for commercial use.

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lumber camp

a camp at which logging (def. 2) is carried on.

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lumber claim

a tract of forested land the bounds of which have been established by the government, which leases or sells the rights to fell and remove timber.

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lumber dam

an expanse of quiet water where logs, often retained by a boom, are penned till needed.

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lumber depot

a farm, operated by a lumber company or privately owned, supplying fresh meat and vegetables, oats, etc., to lumber camps and often serving as a repository for supplies.

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lumber flat

a railway car having a flat bed and staked sides, used for transporting lumber.

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lumber jacket

a short belted coat made of Mackinaw (def. 1).

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lumber king

a large-scale operator in lumbering (def. 2), especially in logging (def. 2).

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lumber out

denude of timber through logging (def. 2).

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lumber over

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lumber raft

a large assemblage of square timbers, spars, etc. arranged in any of several ways according to the conditions of the waterways used. [ See picture at raft n. def. 2]

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lumber road

a bush road made for hauling logs from the cutting area.

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lumber shanty

1 a specially designed log bunkhouse used by a gang of loggers. [ See picture at shanty (def. 1 b).]

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lumber sled

a sleigh used in hauling logs.

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lumber sleigh

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lumber slide

n. an artificial sluiceway down which logs or cribs may be directed to avoid rapid, falls, or other obstructions in a river.

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lumber squatter

a person who engaged in logging on Crown lands without a licence.

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lumber trade

See 1824 quote.

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lumber trust

a combine of logging companies.

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lumber wagon

a heavy, springless, horse-drawn wagon of a type used for hauling lumber.

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lumber-woods

n. timberlands.

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lumberboat

n. a sturdy flat-bottomed boat about 20 ft. long, pointed fore and aft and having a shallow draft, specially designed for use in river drives.

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lumbered-over

adj. cleared of timber through logging operations.

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lumberer

1 n. an owner or manager of a company engaged in lumbering (def. 2).

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lumbering

1 n. the business or occupation of felling and sawing trees and of transporting them to sawmills, lumberyards, etc.

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lumbering counties

See quote.

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lumbering depot

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lumbering party

See 1832 quote.

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lumbering road

a bush road made for hauling logs from the cutting area.

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lumbering wagon

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lumberjack

1 n. a person whose occupation is logging.

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lumberjack's breakfast

a remarkably big breakfast.

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lumberman

1a n. an owner or manager of a company engaged in lumbering (def. 2).

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lumberman's strawberries

prunes.

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lumbersole

n. See quote.

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lumberyard 

n. a yard where lumber (def. 1) is stored and sold.

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lun ((n.))

n. a spot providing shelter from the wind; lee.

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lun ((v.))

v. of wind, die down.

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lunatic patrol

See quote.

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lunge 

n. a large species of pike, Esox masquinongy, weighing up to 80 pounds, found principally in the Great Lakes system.

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luxury

n. one of a listed number of provisions making up part of the allowances of company officers and missionaries on trips to and from the interior.

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lynx 

1 n. a North American wildcat, Lynx canadensis, having prominently tufted ears, large cushioned paws, and a black tail-tip.

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lynx-paw robe

See 1896 quote.

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