Browse Entries: M

there are 689 entries under the letter M

M.B.

a unit of exchange equilent to the value of one prime beaver pelt, used in buying furs and bartering provisions, more usually referred to be trappers as a skin (def. 1).

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M.D.

a large rural municipality.

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M.H.A.

Member of the House of Assembly (def. 1b).

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M.L.A.

Member of the Legislative Assembly.

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M.L.C.

Member of the Legislative Council.

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M.P.

a member of the Royal Canadian (formerly, North West) Mounted Police.

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M.P.P.

Member of Provincial Parliament.

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Mac

n. a highly popular eating apple having a ruddy skin and juicy, white flesh.

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maccaron

n. See 1922 quote.

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Macdonald Brier

the Canadian national curling championship, name for the trophy donated by the Macdonald Tobacco Company.

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Macdonaldian

adj. having to do with or supporting the policies of Sir John A. Macdonald, 1815-1891.

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Macdonaldite

n. a supporter of the policies of Sir John A. Macdonald, 1815-1891; a Con­servative.

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Machi Manitou

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machine man

a driller.

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machine shed

a farm building in which implements are kept.

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Mackenzie (district)

n. the most westerly of the Northwest Territories (def. 2b), named after the explorer Alexander Mackenzie, 1764-1820.

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Mackenzie dog

See 1963 quote at Mackenzie River husky.

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Mackenzie husky

See 1963 quote at Mackenzie River husky.

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Mackenzie Rebellion

n. the abortive rebellion in Upper Canada in 1837-38, led by William Lyon Mackenzie.

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Mackenzie River dog

1 a breed of small dog weighing 15 to 20 pounds and piebald in black and white or brown, found among the Indians of northern British Columbia, the Yukon, and the Mackenzie country.

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Mackenzie River husky

See 1963 quote.

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Mackenzie Territory

See quotes.

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Mackenzieite

n. a supporter of the policies of William Lyon Mackenzie, 1795-1861.

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Mackinaw

1 n. a heavily napped and felted woollen cloth from which blankets and articles of clothing are made, nowadays usually of plaid design.

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Mackinaw blanket

1 a heavily napped and felted woollen cloth from which blankets and articles of clothing are made, nowadays usually of plaid design.

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Mackinaw boat

1 a heavy, flat-bottomed freight boat. [See picture at York boat.]

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Mackinaw coat

a short belted coat made of Mackinaw (def. 1).

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Mackinaw Company

a fur-trading company established in the Michilimackinac region by British interests.

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Mackinaw jacket

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Mackinaw trout 

a North American char, Cristivomer namaycush, having important commercial value.

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mackinaws

n. clothing made of Mackinaw (def. 1).

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Madawaska tobacco

a kind of tobacco formerly grown in the Madawaska region of southern Quebec.

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made beaver

1 n. a unit of exchange equilent to the value of one prime beaver pelt, used in buying furs and bartering provisions, more usually referred to be trappers as a skin (def. 1).

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made-beaver token

n. one of the coins or tokens constituting beaver currency. [See picture at beaver.]

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Madeira (fish)

n. See 1832 quote.

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Madji Manido

the evil spirit of the Algonkian Indians.

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Magdalen penny

See quote.

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magpie

1 n. Prairies a black-and-white horse; a piebald.

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mail road

a main road kept open and in good repair to ensure the prompt distribution of mail.

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mail-order bride

a wife courted by correspondence, as through a matrimonial agency.

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mail-order wife

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Main

1 n. See 1929 quote at Eastmain.

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main

n. See 1942 quote at main line (def. 3). [See picture at high-lead system.]

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main drag

the principal street of a village or town; the main street of a city.

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Main John

See quotes.

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main line

1 See 1941 quote.

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main patch

See quotes.

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mainstreeting

n. the practice of promenading the main street of a town, especially by a politician wishing to meet and greet potential supporters.

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maitre

1 n. a canoe gunwale.

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major (penalty)

n. a penalty called against a player for certain infractions of the rules, including fighting and drawing blood with an illegal stick check, and punished by banishment from the ice for five minutes.

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makak

n. See mocock.

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make

1 v. of ice, form.

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make beaver

See make fur1909 quote

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make camp

set up shelters, make fire, etc. when stopping for a time on the trail.

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make cod

cure fish by drying it in the sun.

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make debt

draw winter supplies on credit from a trading store.

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make fish

cure fish by drying it in the sun.

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make fur

See 1909 quote.

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make good

succeed in an undertaking; become a success.

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make good time

travel at a swift pace; advance at a satisfactory rate.

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make land

cultivate the soil; till.

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make logs

cut, trim, and pile logs ready for driving or hauling.

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make medicine

1a enter upon certain rituals intended to gain the help of the gods in warding off evil or sickness, in ensuring a good hunt or successful war, in bringing harm to enemies, etc.

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make muck-(a-) muck

v. eat; prepare a meal.

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make tea

prepare tea.

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make timber

cut and trim trees ready for rafting or driving.

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make track

move ahead of a dog team, a vehicle, or a party of people, making a way through heavy snow, often on snowshoes.

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make tracks (for) 

leave; start out (for a place), usually in haste.

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make up a mail

See quote.

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making

n. the process of cutting and trimming trees, especially for square timber.

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makings 

n. pl. fine-cut tobacco and paper with which to roll one's own cigarettes.

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makissin

n. a flat-soled shoe of soft leather, originally worn by the Indians.

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makmak

n. Pacific Coast and Northwest food.

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maktak

n. or maktuk. The edible skin of narwhal and beluga, eaten fresh and raw by the Eskimos but usually cooked by whites.

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makuk

n. a box or container made of birchbark, often used to hold maple sugar, wild rice, berries, etc.

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mal de raquette

a painful state of inflamed joints and muscles affecting snowshoers, caused by undue strain on the tendons of the leg.

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malachigan

n. the sheepshead, Aplodinotus grunniens. Also spelled male achigan and malichigan.

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malamute

n. a sled-dog of a type first bred by the Malemiut Eskimos.

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malashaganay

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malashagané

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male achigan

n. the sheepshead, Aplodinotus grunniens.

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Malecite (canoe)

n. a canoe of the design used by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick.

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Malemute

See quote. Also spelled Malamute.

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malemute

n. a sled-dog of a type first bred by the Malemiut Eskimos.

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malichigan

n. the sheepshead, Aplodinotus grunniens.

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mall

n. a concentration of stores, usually in or near a suburban residential district, where there is adequate room for parking, spacious walks, etc.; shopping centre.

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Malpeque (oyster)

n. a famous oyster of Prince Edward Island.

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mamaloos(h)

v. adj. die; kill; dead; dying.

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mamaloosh

adj. die; kill; dead; dying.

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mamateek

n. See quotes.

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mamelle

n. an isolated rounded hill, sometimes one of two adjacent peaks resembling breasts.

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Man of the North

1 a stock-holding partner in the Montreal-based fur companies, especially the North West Company, who represented the company the year round at the trading posts in the fur country.

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man-catcher

n. a hiring agent.

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man-pack

v. carry supplies, etc. on one's back.

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man-packer

n. one who man-packs.

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man-packing

n. carrying supplies, etc. on one ' s back.

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maneater

n. a low-class prostitute, specifically an Indian woman.

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Maneto

n. a spirit; deity.

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mangeur de lard

1 in early use, an engage of the North West Company who signed on to man the canoes plying between Montreal and the Grand Portage, so called because pork was the staple of their diet, as opposed to the pemmican and coarser foods endured by winterers and others who ventured into the interior. Also mangeur du lard.

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Manito

n. a spirit; deity.

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Manitoba

n. See 1964 quote. Also No. 1 hard Manitoba wheat.

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Manitoba fever

in the early 1880's, the excitement in eastern Canada which led to extensive migrations to the newly opened-up province of Manitoba.

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Manitoba maple

a deciduous tree, Acer negundo, common in western Canada; box elder.

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Manitoba Republic

See 1958 quote at Republic of Manitoba.

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Manitoba School(s) Question

n. a public controversy that raged in Canada between 1890 and 1919 and arose out of the enactment of provincial laws denying French-speaking Catholics the right to receive instruction in their own language in church-run schools, an issue which became national in scope because these laws were in defiance of the Manitoba Act (1870).

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Manitou

1a n. a spirit; deity.

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Manitou Stone

See quotes.

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Manitou wheat

See quote.

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manning depot

a district depot where recruits of the Royal Canadian Air Force receive basic training.

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manning pool

a central pool, or replacement depot, of seamen, airmen, etc.

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manta

n. a strong, water-proof sheet used to protect a pack.

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mantle

n. See quotes.

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maple bush

a grove of sugar maples.

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maple cake

a block or mould of maple sugar.

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maple camp

the place in a sugar bush where sugaring-off takes place, including the building and equipment.

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maple candy 

candy made from maple sap.

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maple crop 

the produce of a sugar bush; annual production of maple sugar and maple syrup.

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maple grove

a grove of sugar maples.

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maple juice

the sap of the maple, used for making syrup.

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maple leaf

a representation of the leaf of the maple tree, long used as an emblem of Canada.

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Maple Leaf (flag)

the flag of Canada (see 1964 quote at maple leaf).

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maple molasses

a syrup made from the sap of certain maple trees, especially the sugar maple.

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maple producer

a person who operates a sugar bush, producing maple sugar and maple syrup.

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maple season

n. See quotes at sugaring season.

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maple sucrerie

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maple sugar 

n. sugar obtained by boiling the sap of certain maple trees, especially the sugar maple.

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maple syrup

a syrup made from the sap of certain maple trees, especially the sugar maple.

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maple water

1 a syrup made from the sap of certain maple trees, especially the sugar maple.

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maple-sugar making 

n. the process of boiling maple sap to make syrup and sugar through evaporation and crystallization.

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marais

n. See 1933 quote.

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march ((n.))

a journey of any kind, especially by canoe, dogsled, etc.; also, a leg of a journey.

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march ((v.))

1 v. See 1905 quote.

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marche(donc)

imper. v. move ahead! go on! (a command to sled dogs to advance).

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marche-donc

1 n. a two-wheeled one-horse carriage, built to carry two passengers and having a seat on the splashboard for the driver.

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marguillier

n. a churchwarden.

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mari

n. a freshwater cod Lota iota maculosa; burbot.

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maria

n. a freshwater cod Lota iota maculosa; burbot.

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marine highway

a connected series of waterways, as the St. Lawrence Seaway.

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marine railway 

a device consisting of a cable-drawn cradle equipped to run on rails up and down a ramp, used for launching and landing boats or for moving boats from one water level to another.

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marionette

n. See quote.

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Maritime

1 n. the Canadian provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island.

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Maritime colony

any of the provinces of British North America lying on the eastern seaboard; the present Atlantic Provinces (def. 1).

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Maritime Confederation

n. a proposed union or federation of the Maritime Provinces and Newfoundland.

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Maritime province

1 any of the provinces of British North America lying on the eastern seaboard; the present Atlantic Provinces (def. 1).

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Maritime Provinces

the Canadian provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island.

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Maritime(s) Union

n. a proposed union or federation of the Maritime Provinces and Newfoundland.

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Maritimer

n. a native or resident of the Maritime Provinces.

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Maritimes

n. pl. the Canadian provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island.

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marker

n. an automobile licence plate.

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market boat

in colonial New Brunswick, a boat used for shipping produce and goods down river from the clearings to the towns.

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market road

a rural road maintained by the provincial Department of Highways for year-round use.

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market sleigh

a farm sleigh having a large open box for carrying produce to market.

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marketman

n. a commercial fisherman who markets his own fish.

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marmot

1 n. any of several squirrel-like animals living largely on the ground, usually applied to the genus Spermophilus.

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maron

adj. wild; untrained.

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Maroon 

n. one of a number of Negroes brought to Nova Scotia during the building of Halifax in 1749.

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Marquis wheat

a famous strain of hard, fast-ripening wheat developed in Canada in 1903, by Dr. Charles E. Saunders.

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marrow fat

a choice butterlike substance rendered from the bones of buffalo and other large animals and used by the Indians and traders as butter and as an ingredient of pemmican.

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marrow grease

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marsh

n. reclaimed marshland.

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marsh bittern

n. the American bittern, Botaurus lentiginosus.

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marsh broadleaf

a kind of broadleafed grass, Spartina sp., common in marshes and used as hay.

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marsh dike

a dike (def. 1) or dam equipped with a gate which functions as a valve releasing flood water from behind but preventing sea water from entering at high tide.

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marsh greens

See quote.

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marsh hawk

a slate-gray or brownish hawk, Circus cyaneus hudsonius.

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marsh hay

a kind of broadleafed grass, Spartina sp., common in marshes and used as hay.

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marsh hen

n. the American bittern, Botaurus lentiginosus.

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marsh lands

the fertile sea meadows protected by a dike (def. 1).

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marsh rabbit

See quotes.

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marsh rat

an aquatic rodent, Ondatra zibethica, common to many parts of North America and widely trapped for its valuable fur.

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marten

1 n. the pine marten, Martes americana.

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marten road

a series of traps set and maintained by a trapper who periodically runs the line, removing the trapped animals and resetting the traps.

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mashquemcate

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mashquemincte

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maskinonge

2 n. a large species of pike, Esox masquinongy, weighing up to 80 pounds, found principally in the Great Lakes system. Many spellings.

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maso

n. See 1955 quote at licorice (root).

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masquinongie

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masquinongé

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Massasauga (rattler)

n. a relatively small rattlesnake of the genus Sistrurus.

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mast road

a logging road, along which mast pine were hauled to the river for rafting (def. 1).

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master

n. a senior officer in a fur company, such as a wintering partner or factor, as opposed to a servant.

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master dog

in a dog team, the dog, sometimes a female, who leads the team, setting the pace and carrying out the driver's commands. See pictures at fan hitch and tandem hitch.

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Master Farmer

an honorary title bestowed annually upon outstanding farmers and their families.

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master lumberer

an owner or manager of a company engaged in lumbering (def. 2).

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Master of Life

1 the supreme deity of the Crees, Ojibwas, and related tribes, identified by some whites and Christian Indians with God.

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master pedlar

a stock-holding partner in the Montreal-based fur companies, especially the North West Company, who represented the company the year round at the trading posts in the fur country.

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master strand

See 1941 quote.

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master-ditch

n. See quote.

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masting 

n. the felling and trimming of trees for ships' masts.

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matayway

n. See quotes at midewewin.

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match misconduct

a penalty that banishes the offending player from the ice for the remainder of the game and carries with it an automatic fine and an investigation by league officials.

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match penalty

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matchcoat 

n. See 1907 quote.

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Matchi Manitou

the evil spirit of the Algonkian Indians.

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mathemeg

n. a freshwater cod, Lota iota maculosa; burbot.

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matric

n. matriculation, that is, high-school graduation.

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maul in goal

in early Canadian rugby-football, a score resulting from wresting the ball away from an opponent while behind his goal line, such a score counting four points.

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mayapple 

n. a North American herb, Podophyllum peltatum; also, its egg-shaped; yellow, edible fruit. See 1866 quote.

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mayflower 

n. the trailing arbutus or ground laurel, Epigaea repens, of eastern Canada and the U.S., the floral emblem of Nova Scotia.

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mayflower picnic

a social outing for the picking of mayflowers.

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maypole

1 n. (originally associated with the northern Indians) a tall, conspicuous spruce or pine denuded of all but its topmost branches to serve as a mark of honor for a friend, as a monument, or often as a living talisman of the man for whom it was made.

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maître canot

a large freight canoe, measuring about 40 feet and capable of carrying 4 to 5 tons, used for the voyage from Montreal to the Grand Portage. [See picture at Montreal canoe.]

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maître de poste

in colonial Lower Canada, a person in charge of a road station, often an inn, on a public road. See quote.

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MBeaver

a unit of exchange equilent to the value of one prime beaver pelt, used in buying furs and bartering provisions, more usually referred to be trappers as a skin (def. 1).

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McIntosh

n. a highly popular eating apple having a ruddy skin and juicy, white flesh.

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McIntosh Red (apple)

a highly popular eating apple having a ruddy skin and juicy, white flesh.

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MD

a large rural municipality.

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meadow ((1))

n. a meadow.

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meadow ((2))

n. an expanse of grassland, usually more or less surrounded by trees, in the uplands and valleys of the mountains.

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meadow hen 

n. the American bittern, Botaurus lentiginosus.

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meadow Iark 

any of several North American songbirds, Sturnella sp.

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meadow turnip

See prairie turnip 1892 quote.

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meal train

a cat-train, made up of sleds carrying the cooking, eating and sleeping quarters of a work-party in the wilderness.

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meat bird 

a gray, crestless jay, Perisoreus canadensis.

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meat hawk

a gray, crestless jay, Perisoreus canadensis.

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meat post

a post established by a fur-trading company to accommodate hunters responsible for supplying meat to trading posts in the district.

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meat ring

a co-operative arrangement for buying and butchering livestock.

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meat station

a post established by a fur-trading company to accommodate hunters responsible for supplying meat to trading posts in the district.

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meatkind

n. See quote.

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medicarchy

n. a proposed association of doctors to provide medical service in Upper Canada.

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Medicare

n. the medical-care plan put into operation by the Saskatchewan Government in 1962.

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medicare

a program, usually government-operated, for providing medical care for all citizens of a country, province, etc.

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medicine

1 n. something believed to have power over the forces of nature; magic or supernatural powers believed to have the means of healing or harming.

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medicine bag

a bag or pouch, often decorated with beadwork, used by the Indians to carry various objects believed to have magical powers in protecting the bearer from harm.

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medicine blackrobe

originally in Indian parlance, a priest, especially a missionary of the Roman Catholic or Anglican denominations.

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medicine box

a bag or pouch, often decorated with beadwork, used by the Indians to carry various objects believed to have magical powers in protecting the bearer from harm.

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medicine bundle

among the Plains Indians, a bundle of objects believed to have magical powers for protecting the bearer or band against harm.

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medicine drum

a drum used by medicine-men (def. 1a) in their incantations.

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medicine feast

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medicine line

in Indian parlance, the Canada-U.S. border.

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medicine lodge

1 a wigwam, teepee, etc. erected for use by a medicine-man (def. 1a).

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medicine piece

See quote.

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medicine pipe 

a pipe or calumet, believed to have magical properties and used in certain Indian rituals and ceremonies.

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medicine pole 

among the Plains Indians, a pole set upright in the ground, decorated with feathers, and bearing numerous tribal fetishes as well as enemy scalps.

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medicine pouch

a bag or pouch, often decorated with beadwork, used by the Indians to carry various objects believed to have magical powers in protecting the bearer from harm.

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medicine rattle

a rattle used by the Indians in medicine rituals and to accompany singing and dancing. [See picture at shishiquoi.]

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medicine robe

among Plains Indians, an animal hide, as that of a buffalo, on which were symbolically represented the wearer's war deeds.

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medicine show 

1 a travelling show with attractions intended to lure a crowd of spectators, who were then asked to buy medicines, often said to have been ancient Indian remedies.

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medicine stone

any of a large number of stones, usually glacial erratics, on which sacred designs had been carved, formerly held in reverence by certain Plains Indians.

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medicine tent

1 a wigwam, teepee, etc. erected for use by a medicine-man (def. 1a).

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medicine tyhee

a chief, or head, medicine-man (def. 1a).

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medicine wheel

a circle of stones found at old Indian encampments on the prairies and believed to be associated with the religious life of those who constructed them.

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medicine woman

among Indians and Eskimos, a female angakok or medicine-man.

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medicine-man

1a n. an Indian magician or shaman who practises healing by means of charms and the exorcism of evil spirits or by practical remedies such as administering herbs and sweat baths.

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meesasscootoomeena

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meetchwop

n. a shelter, as a shack, hut, tent-frame, or wigwam.

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meetsu(k)

n. a meal; mealtime.

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melt season

the period of time taken for the ice in rivers and lakes to soften, crack up, and disappear.

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men in sheepskin coats

the so-called Galicians who entered Canada in the 1890's under the immigration policy of Sir Clifford Sifton, 1861-1929, then Liberal Minister of the Interior.

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menominee 

n. See wild rice 1963 quote.

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Menzies spruce

a tall spruce, Picea sitchensis, found on the Pacific slope in British Columbia.

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merchantable

adj. See 1883 quote.

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mercy flight

an airplane flight to an isolated community to fetch a sick or injured person to hospital for treatment.

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merry dancers

See quote.

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mess beef 

salted beef or pork, prepared in barrels made up of assorted cuts.

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meter maid

a policewoman who patrols city streets, her main task being to check meters for parking infractions.

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methy

n. a freshwater cod, Lota iota maculosa; burbot.

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Metif 

n. a person of mixed Indian and European, especially French, parentage; half-breed.

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metiffe

n. See quote.

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Metro

1 n. Metropolitan Toronto, an administrative federation of the city proper and suburban municipalities to provide certain common services, such as police protection.

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metropolitan town

the town designated as the seat of the district courts and other offices of municipal government in each of the districts of Canada West.

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metropolitanization

n. the state or condition of being formed into a metropolitan administrative area, as in Metropolitan Toronto.

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Meuron

n. See de Meuron 1938 quote.

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Michilimackinac currency

a system of exchange in use during the latter part of the eighteenth century in the fur-trading regions of the upper Great Lakes.

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mickey

n. See 1950 quote.

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Micmac (canoe)

n. a small, two-man canoe (def. 1) of the design used by the Micmac Indians of the Maritimes.

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Mid-Canada line

a system of radar stations stretching across Canada and designed to give early warning of hostile attack through the air.

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midawin

n. See midewewin quotes.

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middle ice

an extensive field of sea ice in the middle of Baffin Bay.

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middle school

in Ontario, third and fourth form in high school, equivalent to Grades 11 and 12.

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middle wing

in Canadian rugby-football, a position between the inside and the outside wing on each side of the line, now usually called a tackle; also the player functioning in one of the two middle-wing positions.

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middleman

n. in a freight canoe, York boat, or bateau, one of the crewmen who worked the paddles or oars from a middle position in the craft, a rank inferior to that of the bowsman or steersman.

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midewewin

n. See quotes.

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midman

n. in a freight canoe, York boat, or bateau, one of the crewmen who worked the paddles or oars from a middle position in the craft, a rank inferior to that of the bowsman or steersman.

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midnight sun

See 1960 quote.

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midé

n. an Indian magician or shaman who practises healing by means of charms and the exorcism of evil spirits or by practical remedies such as administering herbs and sweat baths.

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mild

n. a spell of mild weather.

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mild-cured

adj. of fish, slightly cured.

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mile house

See quotes.

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mile-belt

n. on the Prairies, the first tier of sections on each side of the Canadian Pacific Railway line within the railway belt, so called because each section was a mile deep and those closest to the line were first opened to settlement.

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milieu

n. in a freight canoe, York boat, or bateau, one of the crewmen who worked the paddles or oars from a middle position in the craft, a rank inferior to that of the bowsman or steersman.

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military grant

a parcel of land granted to discharged soldiers in compensation for military service.

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military reserve

a tract of land reserved by the Crown for the use of military establishments.

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military township

in colonial times, a township made up of concessions which were granted to disbanded soldiers.

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militia

n. an organized army of citizen-soldiers distinct from the regular army and trained on a part-time basis as a reserve force for service in time of national need.

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milk

n. in Indian parlance, rum.

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milk emptyings 

fermented or sour milk used as a leaven.

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milk house

a farm outbuilding where milk is kept, usually under some degree of coldness.

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milk-ice

n. patches of thin, whitish ice that form in depressions in fields.

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milking the bushes

See quote.

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milkshed 

n. a milk-producing region, the produce from which comes to a specific market.

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mill 

n. the smallest unit of reckoning in the Canadian monetary system, calculated as one-tenth of a cent but not now represented by any coin.

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mill lot

a piece of land on which a flour mill was or could be built; specifically, a lot granted to a person who undertook to build and operate a flour mill there.

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mill seat 

a piece of land on which a flour mill was or could be built; specifically, a lot granted to a person who undertook to build and operate a flour mill there.

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mill site

a piece of land on which a flour mill was or could be built; specifically, a lot granted to a person who undertook to build and operate a flour mill there.

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mill-grant land

a piece of land on which a flour mill was or could be built; specifically, a lot granted to a person who undertook to build and operate a flour mill there.

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milling frolic

See quotes.

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millpond hockey

ice hockey played by youngsters on a frozen mill pond or river.

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mine

v. See quote.

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mine captain

a superintendent of underground work in a mine.

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mine muck

waste from a mine, often used for roadbeds or as fill.

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mineral indications

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miners' meeting

a meeting of the miners at a camp to pass laws governing behavior, to try offenders, to settle disputes, etc.

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miners' meeting law

the law in effect in early goldmining communities, established and enforced by miners' meetings, also miner's law.

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mining camp

a mining area and the settlement it includes.

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mining location

a claim, or block of claims, staked and registered.

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mining lot

a claim, or block of claims, staked and registered.

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mining recorder 

a government official whose duty is the recording of claims.

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minor

n. a two-minute penalty awarded for any of a wide variety of infractions of the playing rules relating to checking, sticking, etc.

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minot

n. in Lower Canada, a unit of dry measure equal to 1.07 Imperial bushels.

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misaskatomina

1 n. Various spellings. The edible, purplish berry of the saskatoon bush.

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mischechogonis

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misconduct (penalty)

n. a penalty awarded for misbehavior such as verbal abuse of the referee and involving banishment of the player from the ice for ten minutes, substitution being allowed.

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misery fiddle

a cross-cut saw.

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mishagunis

n. a mixture of Canadian French, Cree and, sometimes English spoken by the Métis of the older generation.

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mishiniway

among Prairie Indians, an underchief whose duty it was to prepare and pass around the medicine pipe at ceremonial occasions.

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Miss Canada

See 1966 quote. [See picture at Miss Canada.]

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mission boat

a vessel plying the coastal inlets and islands or the inland rivers carrying spiritual and medical services to isolated communities.

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mission Indian

an Indian brought up near a mission and under the guidance of missionaries.

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mission scow

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mission ship

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mission station

1 the headquarters of a church mission among the Indians or Eskimos.

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missionary station

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Missouri cattle

a species of buffalo (def. 2) native to the great plains, a smaller species than the wood buffalo.

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Missouri tobacco

a kind of tobacco, Nicotiana attenuate, grown by the Plains Indians.

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mitashes

n. a pair of coverings for the legs, usually made of dressed skins and often reaching from ankles to hips, where they are fastened to a belt, originally used by the Indians.

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mitshim

n. a meal; mealtime.

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mittain (beaver)

n. the lowest grade of beaver pelt. See 1735 quote.

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mittaine

n. heavy fur gloves.

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mitten moccasin

See quotes.

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mixed liquor

brandy, rum, whisky, or high wines (often diluted and sometimes spiced with pepper, Tabasco, tobacco, or weak acids) traded to the Indians.

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mixed-blood 

n. a person of mixed Indian and white ancestry.

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MLA

Member of the Legislative Assembly.

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mobile column

in civil defence, one of a number of groups specially trained for the work of rescuing and evacuating people from stricken areas during attack, as by nuclear weapons.

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moccasin

1 n. a flat-soled shoe of soft leather, originally worn by the Indians.

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moccasin aristocracy

See 1962 quote.

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moccasin dance

a dance where the couples wear moccasins, popular at winter carnivals and other forms of outdoor winter entertainment.

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moccasin flower 

one of several varieties of lady's slipper, as Cypripedium acaule or C. parviflorum.

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moccasin game 

See 1921 quote.

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moccasin rubbers

heel-less rubber overshoes worn over moccasins or duffle socks (def. 1).

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moccasin slipper

1 n. a soft leather slipper for wearing indoors, similar in design to a moccasin.

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moccasin sock

a warm ankle-length sock, or liner, of duffle worn inside moccasins, mukluks, etc. and usually folded down at the top.

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moccasin telegram

the spreading of news by word of mouth, originally by Indian runner.

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moccasin telegraph

the spreading of news by word of mouth, originally by Indian runner.

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moccasin trail

any of the trails followed by explorers and fur traders in the Northwest (def. 1a).

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moccasin wireless

the spreading of news by word of mouth, originally by Indian runner.

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moccasined

adj. shod in moccasins.

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mock goose

a decoy fashioned to attract wild geese.

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mocock

n. a box or container made of birchbark, often used to hold maple sugar, wild rice, berries, etc.

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mocotaugan

n. a wood-working knife usually having a crooked handle and, often, a hook at one end of the blade, used widely in the north, especially by the Indians, for making snowshoes, fur stretchers, canoes, and all woodwork. [See picture at crooked knife.]

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molasses

n. a syrup made from the sap of certain maple trees, especially the sugar maple.

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mole

n. See quote.

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molly-hogan deal

See quotes.

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molton

n. a coarse broadcloth or blanketing carried as trade goods, often made up into capotes.

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money-scrip

n. a certificate issued following the Northwest Rebellions to Métis as compensation for lost lands and entitling the bearer to the sum of $240.00, either in cash or as an allowance against the purchase of government lands.

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mongrel whitefish

n. a species of whitefish, Leucichthys tullibee.

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Moniyas

n. See quote.

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monkey-French

n. non-standard regional speech of French Canada.

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Montagnais shoe

a style of snowshoe associated with the Montagnais Indians of Northern Quebec and Labrador.

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Montreal canoe

a large freight canoe, measuring about 40 feet and capable of carrying 4 to 5 tons, used for the voyage from Montreal to the Grand Portage.

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Montreal canoeman

n. in early use, an engagé of the North West Company who signed on to man the canoes plying between Montreal and the Grand Portage, so called because pork was the staple of their diet, as opposed to the pemmican and coarser foods endured by winterers and others who ventured into the interior.

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Montreal Company

a fur-trading syndicate with its headquarters at Montreal, organized between 1775 and 1783 and absorbed by the Hudson's Bay Company in 1821.

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Montreal Department

an administrative division of the Hudson's Bay Company. See 1929 quote.

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Montreal livre

See 1950 quote.

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Montreal man

n. a wintering partner (def. 1) or employee of the North West Company.

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Montreal Manifesto

a statement of reasons for annexation, circulated in 1849.

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Montreal ship copper

a half-penny token in circulation in the Canadas in the early 19th century, issued in Quebec about 1816.

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Montreal trader

a trader from Quebec other than a Hudson's Bay man, especially a Northwester (def. la).

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Montée

n. a point where travellers left a water route to take a trail leading across the plains.

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moo-moo maker

See quote.

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mooch

v. to engage in mooching.

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mooched herring

herring used as bait in mooching.

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moocher

n. a person who fishes by mooching.

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moochigan

n. See quotes.

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mooching

n. See 1960 quote.

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moon 

n. in Indian parlance, a lunar month.

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mooneas

1 n. a newcomer; tenderfoot; greenhorn.

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mooneye 

n. a freshwater fish, Hiodon tergisus, related to the goldeye and found in the Lower Great Lakes.

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moose 

1 n. a large ruminant mammal, Alces alces, of the northern forests.

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moose brush

a shrub, Cornus stolonifera, with conspicuous red stems, the inner bark of which was often used in the making of kinnikinik (def. 1).

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moose camp

a browsing area where a group of moose or deer in winter tread down the snow, remaining there for protection and warmth until the fodder within easy reach is exhausted.

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moose country

a region in which moose are numerous.

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moose hair 

See 1956 quote.

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moose horn

a device for making such a call, especially a bark horn.

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moose leather

n. the hide of the moose, valued as leather.

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moose lily

the yellow, or pond, lily, Nuphar advena.

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moose maple

a small maple, Acer pensylvanicum, found in central and eastern Canada.

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moose milk

1 home-distilled liquor.

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moose moufle

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moose muffle

the nose and upper lip of the moose used as food, considered a delicacy.

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moose nose

the nose and upper lip of the moose used as food, considered a delicacy.

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moose pasture

1 worthless or unproven mining claims.

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moose shanks

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moose thumb

the dewclaw and fibula of a moose used as a pin to hold together the flaps of a teepee.

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moose venison

the flesh of the moose used as food.

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moose-call

1 n. See 1849 quote.

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moose-caller

n. a hunter skilled in moose calling.

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moose-calling

n. the art or practice of simulating a moose's call.

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moose-creeping

n. a method of hunting moose by stalking.

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moose-deer 

1 n. a large ruminant mammal, Alces alces, of the northern forests.

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moose-deer berry

n. a shrub, Viburnum opulus; also the reddish, tart berry of this shrub.

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moose-fly

n. any one of several species of horsefly, especially Chrysops.

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moose-grounds

n. pl. a region in which moose are numerous.

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moose-jay

n. a gray, crestless jay, Perisoreus canadensis.

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moose-lick

n. a salt lick frequented by moose.

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moose-meat

n. the flesh of the moose used as food.

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moose-run

n. See quote.

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moose-skin

n. the hide of the moose, valued as leather.

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moose-snare

n. See 1903 quote.

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moose-tongue 

n. the tongue of a moose used as food.

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moose-veal

n. the meat of a moose calf.

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moose-walk

n. a hunt for moose.

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moose-willow

n. a shrub, Cornus stolonifera, with conspicuous red stems, the inner bark of which was often used in the making of kinnikinik (def. 1).

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moose-yard

1 n. a browsing area where a group of moose or deer in winter tread down the snow, remaining there for protection and warmth until the fodder within easy reach is exhausted.

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mooseberry

n. a shrub, Viburnum opulus; also the reddish, tart berry of this shrub.

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moosebird

1 n. a gray, crestless jay, Perisoreus canadensis.

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moosehide 

n. the hide of the moose, valued as leather.

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mooses-potting

n. See quote.

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mooseweed

n. a plant of the genus Epilobium, especially E. angustifolium, the floral emblem of the Yukon.

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moosewood 

1 n. a small maple, Acer pensylvanicum, found in central and eastern Canada.

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moostoos

n. the North American bison, Bison bison.

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moosu(e)

n. a large ruminant mammal, Alces alces, of the northern forests.

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mooswa(h)

n. a large ruminant mammal, Alces alces, of the northern forests

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Moravian

n. one of a small band of Christianized Delaware and Muncee Indians brought to Upper Canada by the Moravian Brethren from Pennsylvania and occupying the Moravian Grant after 1792.

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Moravian Grant

n. a grant of land made to the Moravian Brethren in 1792 (25,000 acres on the Thames River near Lake St. Clair).

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Moravian Indian

n. one of a small band of Christianized Delaware and Muncee Indians brought to Upper Canada by the Moravian Brethren from Pennsylvania and occupying the Moravian Grant after 1792.

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Moravian post

one of several trading posts in the Labrador peninsula in locations first settled by Moravian missionaries in the 18th century.

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mortgage lifter

See quote.

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mortuary pole

See quote.

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mosquito fan

See quote.

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mosquito hawk 

1a See quote.

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mosquito wig

n. a kind of cap having a long fringe of musk-ox hair, used as protection against mosquitoes, etc.

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mosquito-dope

n. insect repellent.

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mosquito-smudge

n. a fire which gives off dense, acrid smoke from having damp moss, green grass or leaves, etc. heaped on its flames

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moss bag

n. among certain Indian tribes, a kind of bag that is laced in front and sometimes attached to a cradle-board, used for carrying a baby and so called because the bag is lined with dry moss, which serves as a diaper. [See picture at cradle- board.]

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moss basket

a moss bag, attached to a cradle-board.

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moss heather

the white heather, Cassiope Mertensiana).

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mossback

n. an oldtimer, often one having unprogressive, old-fashioned ideas.

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Mother Carey's chicken 

a petrel. See 1829 quote.

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Mother Hubbard

See 1964 quote.

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mother lode

the rich vein or lode which has "mothered" the gold found below as float (def. 2).

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Mothers' Allowance

a monthly allowance paid to the parents or trustees of children under 16 years of age.

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motor toboggan

a small over-snow vehicle equipped with skis at the front and powered by a motor driving a treaded endless track. [See picture at motor toboggan]

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motorized sled

a small over-snow vehicle equipped with skis at the front and powered by a motor driving a treaded endless track. [See picture at motor toboggan]

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motorized toboggan

a small over-snow vehicle equipped with skis at the front and powered by a motor driving a treaded endless track. [See picture at motor toboggan]

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mouf(f)le

n. the nose and upper lip of the moose used as food, considered a delicacy.

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mould

n. a device used for shaping folded furs into 90-pound packs during pressing.

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moulin banal

in Old Quebec, the mill of the seigneur, where tenants were obliged to take their grain for milling.

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mounder

n. a member of a surveying team responsible for setting up boundary markers. See note.

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mountain bear

a large and, often, ferocious bear, Ursus horribilis, nowadays largely confined to the northern Rockies.

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mountain beaver 

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mountain caribou

a species of caribou, Rangifer arcticus montanus, native to the mountainous region of the Northwest.

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mountain cat

1 See 1947 quote.

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mountain cutthroat

a small cutthroat trout, Salmo clarkii. See 1960 quote.

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mountain devil

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mountain fever

See Rocky Mountain fever quotes.

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mountain goat

a goatlike mammal, Oreamnos montanus, found in the western mountains and related to the European chamois.

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mountain grouse 

a species of grouse, Canachites franklinii, found throughout the West and Northwest.

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mountain lands

See quote.

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mountain lion 

a large, wild cat, Felis concolor, once common but now confined to southwestern Canada

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mountain marmot

a large marmot, Marmota caligata, of the western mountains.

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mountain mutton 

the flesh of the Rocky Mountain sheep used as food.

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mountain oyster 

a testicle of a lamb or calf used as food.

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mountain partridge

n. a chubby, partridge-like fowl, Lagopus rupestris, of the Barren Grounds.

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mountain pony

a small, sure-footed pony of the Rockies. See also mountain cayuse.

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mountain sheep 

a sheep, Ovis canadensis, found in the western mountains.

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mountain shrub

See wintergreen.

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mountain tea

See wintergreen.

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mountain trout 

a small cutthroat trout, Salmo clarkii. See mountain cutthroat 1960 quote

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Mountaineer

1 n. one of an Algonkian-speaking people of eastern Quebec and Labrador, the Naskapi.

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Mounted

n. the Royal Canadian (formerly, North West) Mounted Police.

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Mounted Police

the Royal Canadian (formerly, North West) Mounted Police.

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Mounted Policeman

a member of the Royal Canadian (formerly, North West) Mounted Police.

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Mounted Rifles

a name proposed for the force known as the North West Mounted Police, now the Royal Canadian Mounted Police.

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Mountie

n. a member of the Royal Canadian (formerly, North West) Mounted Police.

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mouse ear

the soft, feltlike bud of the pussy willow.

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mouth comb

in a fire-drill, the socket held in the mouth and accommodating the vertical spindle. [See picture at fireboard.]

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mouture

n. See quote.

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mowi(t)ch

1 n. a deer.

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mowya

n. wet snow.

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moyaque

n. See 1956 quote. Various Spellings.

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mozo-mish

n. See 1912 quote.

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Muche Manito(u)

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muck

1 n. topsoil that must be removed before mining can begin; also, pay dirt (def. 1 ).

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muck (out)

1 v. remove muck (def. 1).

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muck-a-muck ((n.))

n. food.

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muck-a-muck ((v.))

eat.

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muck-stick

n. a shovel.

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mucker

1 n. a person who removes muck (def. 1 or 2).

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mucking contest

n. a contest in which miners compete in shovelling a measured quantity of broken rock (usually a ton) into a mine car in the shortest time.

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mucking-machine

n. a mechanical shovel for removing muck (def. 2).

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mud ((n.))

muskeg, bog mud, etc. applied to the runners of a dog-sled so that it freezes into a smooth-sliding surface.

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mud ((v.))

1 v. chink the exterior walls of a house or cabin with mud.

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mud bomber

an aircraft fitted out to carry and drop chemical mud on forest fires to extinguish them.

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mud box

See quote.

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mud chimney

a primitive chimney made of rolls or bricks of mud, usually reinforced with sticks.

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mud pilot

See quote.

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mud room

in a school or house, a room just inside the entry where one removes and leaves overshoes and rubbers, to avoid tracking mud and snow through the building.

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mud runner

a dog-sled runner coated with mud.

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mud shoe

See quote.

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mud-cabin

n. See quote.

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mud-fish

n. See 1819 quote.

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mud-flat 

n. the level, low-lying land bordering a stream; interval.

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mud-rat

n. a person who removes muck (def. 1 or 2).

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mudded sled

a sled of which the runners have been treated with mud.

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mudding

n. the chinking of walls with mud.

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muddy

v. chink the exterior walls of a house or cabin with mud.

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Muddy (Little) York

Toronto, Ont., formerly York, Upper Canada.

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Muddy (Little) Yorker

a native or resident of Muddy (Little) York.

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mudfall

n. a mudslide.

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mudpup

n. a young Englishman sent out to Western Canada to learn farming. See 1957 quote.

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muffin

n. See 1865 quote.

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muffinage

n. being partnered with a muffin.

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muffle

n. the nose and upper lip of the moose used as food, considered a delicacy.

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mug-up ((n.)) 

n. a hot drink, usually accompanied by a light meal or snack.

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mug-up ((v.)) 

have a mug-up.

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mukluk

1 n. a type of warm knee-high boot worn by the Eskimos and Indians of the Northwest Territories and the Yukon. [See picture at mukluk.]

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mukluked

adj. shod in mukluks (def. 1).

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muktuk

n. the edible skin of narwhal and beluga, called muktuk by the Eskimos, eaten fresh and raw by them but usually cooked by whites.

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mule deer 

the Rocky Mountain mule deer, Odocoileus hemionus hemionus.

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mule scraper

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mule trail

a trail used by pack-animals.

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mule train 

a train of mules used for packing goods.

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mule-skinner 

n. a mule-team driver.

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muley

n. the Rocky Mountain mule deer, Odocoileus hemionus hemionus.

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mulligan

n. a stew of meat, or sometimes fish, and vegetables.

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mulligan wagon

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mulligan-mixer

n. a camp cook, especially in a logging camp.

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mulnette ((n.))

n. a kind of raft made of square timbers.

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mulnette ((v.))

make or build into a mulnette.

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multiple-member constituency

in certain provinces, a riding in which more than one parliamentary or legislative seat exists.

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muniack

n. See moyaque 1956 quote.

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municipal council

the governing body of a municipality such as a township or district.

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municipal district

a large rural municipality.

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municipality

n. a division of rural government corresponding to a county.

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muscovadoey

adj. of snow, having the consistency of muscovado, or raw sugar.

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mush ((n.))

a trip or journey, especially by dog-sled.

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mush ((v.))

1 v. move ahead! go on! (a command to sled dogs to advance).

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mush on

1 move ahead! go on! (a command to sled dogs to advance).

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mush snow

a heavy wet snowfall; heavy, wet snow.

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mush-ice 

n. rotten ice.

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musher

1 n. a traveller on foot or snowshoe.

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mushing

1a n. travelling on foot or snowshoe.

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mushrat

1 n. an aquatic rodent, Ondatra zibethica, common to many parts of North America and widely trapped for its valuable fur.

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mushratting

n. the hunting of muskrats.

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musk beaver

n. an aquatic rodent, Ondatra zibethica, common to many parts of North America and widely trapped for its valuable fur.

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musk buffalo

n. a bovine ruminant, Ovibos moschatus, having characteristics of both the ox and the sheep but having shaggy, dark brown to black hair, found in the Arctic regions.

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musk cattle

n. musk-oxen.

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musk-beef

n. the flesh of the musk-ox used as food.

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musk-bull meat

n. the flesh of the musk-ox used as food.

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musk-cow

n. a female musk-ox (def. 1).

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musk-ox

1 n. a bovine ruminant, Ovibos moschatus, having characteristics of both the ox and the sheep but having shaggy, dark brown to black hair, found in the Arctic regions.

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musk-sheep

n. a bovine ruminant, Ovibos moschatus, having characteristics of both the ox and the sheep but having shaggy, dark brown to black hair, found in the Arctic regions.

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muskanongé(e)

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muskeg

1 n. an organic bog which is a brown to black mixture of water and living and dead vegetation often covered with a carpet of sphagnum or other mosses and often of considerable depth.

muskeg country

terrain characterized by muskegs (def. 1).

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Muskeg Express (Limited) Special

1 the mixed train running on the Hudson Bay Railway.

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muskeg grass

a kind of swamp grass.

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muskeg railway

1 the first railway into the Canadian North, from Winnipeg to Churchill, Manitoba, completed in 1932.

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muskeg school

a school where persons whose work takes them into the muskeg learn how best to cope with the problems such terrain presents.

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muskeg soil

n. the substance (humus, vegetation, etc.) of which such bogs consist.

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muskeg swamp

1 n. an organic bog which is a brown to black mixture of water and living and dead vegetation often covered with a carpet of sphagnum or other mosses and often of considerable depth.

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muskeg tea

either of two closely related evergreen shrubs, Ledum groenlandicum and L. decumbens var. palustre.

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muskeg vehicle

any vehicle designed to travel over muskeg (def. 2).

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muskeg water

the brownish water that characterizes streams fed by or flowing through muskeg (def. 2).

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Muskeg, the

n. the mixed train running on the Hudson Bay Railway.

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muskegy

adj. characterized by swampy terrain, or muskeg.

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muskellunge

n. a large species of pike, Esox masquinongy, weighing up to 80 pounds, found principally in the Great Lakes system. Many spellings.

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muskie 

n. a large species of pike, Esox masquinongy, weighing up to 80 pounds, found principally in the Great Lakes system. Many spellings.

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muskimoot

n. a fairly large bag made of netted babiche (def. 1), often used by hunters to carry game. [See picture at muskimoot.]

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muskrat 

1 n. an aquatic rodent, Ondatra zibethica, common to many parts of North America and widely trapped for its valuable fur.

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muskrat cabin

the living quarters of a muskrat, built on islands in and around a muskrat swamp.

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muskrat house

n. the living quarters of a muskrat, built on islands in and around a muskrat swamp.

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muskrat lodge

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muskrat rancher

a man who breeds muskrats for their fur.

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muskrat spear

See 1939 quote.

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muskrat stretcher

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muskrat swamp

a swamp or marsh where muskrats live.

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muskwa

n. a bear.

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muspike

n. a hybrid game fish which did not become established.

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musquash

1 n. an aquatic rodent, Ondatra zibethica, common to many parts of North America and widely trapped for its valuable fur.

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mussel mud 

sea mud used as fertilizer.

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Mutchee Manitou

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muzzle-loader

n. a kind of bunk placed in banks at right angles to the wall so that the user must crawl in head first and out feet first (as in charging a muzzle-loading gun).

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muzzle-loading bunk

a kind of bunk placed in banks at right angles to the wall so that the user must crawl in head first and out feet first (as in charging a muzzle-loading gun).

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mystery

n. See quote.

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mystery picket

a person who, though not a union member, pickets in sympathy with union members forbidden to picket by injunction.

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mystery picketing

v. the practice of employing citizen pickets.

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Métis

n. a person of mixed Indian and European, especially French, parentage; half-breed.

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Métisse

n. a female Métis.

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