that part of Canada bordering on the Pacific Ocean; the West Coast; now, especially, British Columbia.
Go to full entry >that part of North America lying west of the Rockies and north of the Columbia River, especially, in Canada, British Columbia.
Go to full entry >1 either of two former colonies on the Pacific Coast: British Columbia and Vancouver's Island.
Expand + | Go to full entry >the transcontinental railway completed in 1885 and later known as the Canadian Pacific Railway, linking eastern Canada with the Pacific Coast.
Go to full entry >a scandal that engulfed the administration of Sir John A. Macdonald during 1872-3, associated with the charter granted the Canadian Pacific Railway Company.
Go to full entry >in Lower Canada, an unofficial arbitrator working outside the constituted authority during the political unrest of the 1830's.
Go to full entry >a strong cord, usually of leather, for tying up packs of fur and other large packages.
Go to full entry >thick sea ice that has been driven and packed into large masses by winds and currents.
Go to full entry >carry in one ' s supplies, especially on the back; deliver goods by packing.
Go to full entry >a kind of harness for carrying heavy loads, drawing on a tracking line, etc., consisting of a leather strap that is broad at the middle and tapers at both ends, the broad band being placed around the forehead (or chest) and the two ends attached to the pack or other load. [See picture at tumpline.]
Go to full entry >a dog trained to carry a pack or other burden strapped to his back.
Go to full entry >a person who stays in a place for only a short time, living, as it were, out of a packsack.
Go to full entry >n. a line of animals employed in packing, together with the men in charge.
Go to full entry >n. a frame of light metal or wood shaped to fit the back and suspended therefrom by shoulder straps, used for packing loads.
Go to full entry >1a n. a person who transports goods by means of pack horses or mules; one who operates a freighting business using a pack-train.
Expand + | Go to full entry >1 n. a parcel or package of mail, instructions, business documents, etc. Also spelled pacquet.
Expand + | Go to full entry >a strong box used for carrying mail, post records, and other valuables.
Go to full entry >a party carrying mail and other special deliveries between trading posts by dog-sled, canoe, etc.
Go to full entry >n. a sack of strong material used for carrying supplies, personal belongings, etc. when on the trail, usually carried on the back and supported by shoulder straps and, often, a tumpline.
Go to full entry >n. a kind of harness for carrying heavy loads, drawing on a tracking line, etc., consisting of a leather strap that is broad at the middle and tapers at both ends, the broad band being placed around the forehead (or chest) and the two ends attached to the pack or other load.
Go to full entry >1 n. a small pack of personal belongings rigged for carrying on the back.
Expand + | Go to full entry >n. a canoe journey; a spell of paddling, as opposed to lining, portaging, etc.; also, the distance that can be covered by canoe in a specified time.
Go to full entry >a chanson sung by the voyageurs, in rhythm with their paddling or rowing.
Go to full entry >a smudge pot, consisting of a pail filled with burning wood and covered with damp leaves, hay, etc., which sends up clouds of smoke to repel insects.
Go to full entry >n. any of various wild flowers, Castilleja sp., having bright scarlet to orangey floral bracts.
Go to full entry >any of various wild flowers, Castilleja sp., having bright scarlet to orangey floral bracts.
Go to full entry >n. a large, wild cat, Felis concolor, once common but now confined to southwestern Canada.
Go to full entry >any of various wild flowers, Castilleja sp., having bright scarlet to orangey floral bracts.
Go to full entry >any of various wild flowers, Castilleja sp., having bright scarlet to orangey floral bracts.
Go to full entry >adj. white (as opposed to Indian); non-Indian. See note at paleface, n.
Go to full entry >1 n. a fairly substantial slab of ice broken off from a large expanse of ice; an ice floe.
Expand + | Go to full entry >1a v. separate gold from gravel or pulverized rock by washing the gravel in a pan (def. 3).
Expand + | Go to full entry >1a v. separate gold from gravel or pulverized rock by washing the gravel in a pan (def. 3).
Expand + | Go to full entry >n. ice that has broken away in pans (def. 1) or floes from a large ice field.
Go to full entry >n. a knife about 15 inches long having a broad, straight blade and used primarily for cutting snow blocks for igloos (def. 1a).
Go to full entry >n. a large, wild cat, Felis concolor, once common but now confined to southwestern Canada.
Go to full entry >a popular name for the radical reform group led by Joseph Papineau, 1786-1871, in opposition to the administration in Lower Canada, opposition which reached a high point in the Rebellion of 1837.
Go to full entry >a popular name for the Rebellion of 1837 in Lower Canada, where the rebels were led by Joseph Louis Papineau.
Go to full entry >among certain Indian tribes, a kind of bag that is laced in front and sometimes attached to a cradle-board, used for carrying a baby and so called because the bag is lined with dry moss, which serves as a diaper. [See picture at cradle- board.]
Go to full entry >a thin, rectangular board to which a moss bag is fastened and in which infants are carried. [See picture at cradle-board].
Go to full entry >n. a thin, rectangular board to which a moss bag is fastened and in which infants are carried.
Go to full entry >a temporary boat consisting of a frame covered with parchment (def. 2), often used by Indians who, at the end of their trip, removed the skins and sold them to traders.
Go to full entry >an animal hide that has been dehaired, stretched, and dried, used for making such things as babiche, window panes, packstraps, and pemmican bags.
Go to full entry >a window pane of parchment (def. 2), widely used in cabins in the Northwest (def. 1a).
Go to full entry >1a n. a sheet of rawhide, especially buffalo hide, from which the hair has been removed.
2 n. a container made from a sheet of rawhide, usually buffalo hide, folded into a kind of envelope and laced to make an efficient bag.
a container made from a sheet of rawhide, usually buffalo hide, folded into a kind of envelope and laced to make an efficient bag.
Go to full entry >a rectangular box covered with parfleche (def. 1a) often colorfully painted.
Go to full entry >1 n. in Quebec, a subdivision of a county which functions both as an ecclesiastical and political unit.
Expand + | Go to full entry >a private school receiving no tax support, especially, in present-day use, such a school maintained by Roman Catholics.
Go to full entry >adj. of a sailing vessel, fitted out for operating in local coastal waters only.
Go to full entry >1 n. a fenced enclosure into which animals, especially buffalo, were driven to be slaughtered; a pound.
Expand + | Go to full entry >the lightly wooded, grassy belt of rich land lying between the open prairie and the northern forests in the three Prairie Provinces; also, similar but smaller areas of lightly wooded rolling grasslands, as the Peace River country.
Go to full entry >a government official responsible for the maintenance and patrolling of a national or provincial park.
Go to full entry >a government official responsible for the maintenance and patrolling of a national or provincial park.
Go to full entry >1 n. a hooded outer garment of fur or other material. [See picture at atigi (def. 2)].
Expand + | Go to full entry >n. a building of several storeys serving as a parking area for motor vehicles.
Go to full entry >n. a small park in a city, rarely larger and often smaller than a block, usually containing flower beds and one or more park benches.
Go to full entry >the lightly wooded, grassy belt of rich land lying between the open prairie and the northern forests in the three Prairie Provinces; also, similar but smaller areas of lightly wooded rolling grasslands, as the Peace River country.
Go to full entry >1 n. the lightly wooded, grassy belt of rich land lying between the open prairie and the northern forests in the three Prairie Provinces; also, similar but smaller areas of lightly wooded rolling grasslands, as the Peace River country.
Expand + | Go to full entry >1 the hill on which the Parliament buildings in Ottawa stand.
Expand + | Go to full entry >a private school receiving no tax support, especially, in present-day use, such a school maintained by Roman Catholics.
Go to full entry >a ground squirrel, Spermophilus undulatus parryi, native to the northern parts of Canada.
Go to full entry >a radical political party of Lower Canada, founded about 1850 and first led by Louis Joseph Papineau, which was later to become the Quebec wing of the Liberal Party.
Go to full entry >n. a stock-holding partner in the Montreal-based fur companies, especially the North West Company, who represented the company the year round at the trading posts in the fur country.
Go to full entry >1 n. any of various grouse found in Canada, especially the ruffed grouse, Bonasa umbellus.
Expand + | Go to full entry >1 n. a trailing evergreen shrub, Mitchella repens, having roundish leaves and white blossoms.
Expand + | Go to full entry >an almost circular snowshoe, varying considerably in size, used especially by the eastern Algonkians.
Go to full entry >a migratory wild pigeon, Ectopistes migratorius, which appeared in immense flocks during August up to the late 19th century, becoming extinct by 1914.
Go to full entry >a lot outside the limits of a newly established town, used for pasturing cattle.
Go to full entry >n. a color-phase of the red fox, Vulpes fulva, marked with a cross over the shoulders.
Go to full entry >a system of logging by which only patches of lumber in a stand are cut down, the surrounding trees being left intact to ensure natural reseeding of the cutover patch.
Go to full entry >1 n. the right or title to a piece of land received as a grant or as a homestead (def. 2a).
Expand + | Go to full entry >a sheet or sheets of newsprint having one side printed and the other left blank for printing by local newspapers.
Go to full entry >a sheet or sheets of newsprint having one side printed and the other left blank for printing by local newspapers.
Go to full entry >n. an elected municipal official responsible for public roads, paths, bridges, etc.
Go to full entry >the combined forces of exiled rebels and American sympathizers which proposed to attack Canada in 1838.
Go to full entry >the several unsuccessful raids carried out against Canada by the Patriots (def. 1) of 1838.
Go to full entry >n. a follower of Louis-Joseph Papineau and a supporter of the Ninety-two Resolutions which set forth the political grievances of the rebels in Lower Canada.
Go to full entry >n. a vehicle equipped with a heavy blade, used for maintaining unpaved roads and, often, for snow-ploughing.
Go to full entry >an overnight stopping place for the convenience of rangers and others who patrol the bush.
Go to full entry >a government doctor who makes regular circuits among the Indians and Eskimos.
Go to full entry >n. a farmers' organization founded in 1891 and enjoying considerable political support for a number of years.
Go to full entry >a farmers' organization founded in 1891 and enjoying considerable political support for a number of years.
Go to full entry >the vast region north and west of Lake Superior, as known by the fur traders and explorers.
Go to full entry >an ornamented ceremonial pipe, used by certain Indian tribes as a symbol of peace and adopted by the white traders in their dealings with these Indians.
Go to full entry >an ornamented ceremonial pipe, used by certain Indian tribes as a symbol of peace and adopted by the white traders in their dealings with these Indians.
Go to full entry >the extensive area of rolling plains in the valley of the Peace River, in both northern Alberta and British Columbia.
Go to full entry >n. the extensive area of rolling plains in the valley of the Peace River, in both northern Alberta and British Columbia.
Go to full entry >bornite, a copper-iron sulphide with a purplish tarnish, as in peacock feathers.
Go to full entry >n. a French-speaking descendant of the settlers of New France or Acadia; a Canadian of French ancestry.
Go to full entry >n. a French-speaking descendant of the settlers of New France or Acadia; a Canadian of French ancestry.
Go to full entry >n. a strong pole or lever, 5 to 7 feet long, the end of which is furnished with a point of iron or steel and a hinged semicircular hook, used by loggers for directing logs in a drive, during booming operations, etc. [See picture at peavey]
Go to full entry >1a n. in the usage of the men of the Hudson's Bay Company: a. a coureur de bois, especially one who competed for trade in Rupert's Land, thus being considered an interloper.
Expand + | Go to full entry >1 n. a player of the 8-12 age group in organized sports for boys.
Expand + | Go to full entry >n. a shrub, Viburnum opulus; also the reddish, tart berry of this shrub. Various early spellings.
Go to full entry >1 n. beaten or pounded meat mixed with melted animal fat and, sometimes, berries, the preparation being sewn in a skin bag to form a hard, compact mass that would keep for a long time under almost any conditions.
Expand + | Go to full entry >a strong bag made of buffalo rawhide sewn hair side out, used as a container for 90 pounds of pemmican (def. 1).
Go to full entry >a boat carrying pemmican (def. 1) and other supplies to a trading post.
Go to full entry >a meat post where pemmican (def. 1) was prepared and stored for supplying to the trading posts.
Go to full entry >in hockey or box lacrosse, a special bench outside the playing area, where penalized players are required to sit out the time of their banishment from the game.
Go to full entry >a player whose task is to keep the opposition from scoring while his team is short-handed as a result of one or more penalties, by keeping control of the puck, checking opposition players closely, etc.
Go to full entry >a penalty permitting a designated player of the non-offending team to play the puck from centre ice and take one shot at the opposing goal, all other players except the defending goalkeeper remaining out of the play.
Go to full entry >1 n. the now-extinct great auk, Alca impennis, once found in vast numbers in Newfoundland coastal islands.
n. a tracked oversnow vehicle of the snowmobile type, much used in the North, built by the Bombardier Co. of Valcourt, P.Q.
Go to full entry >one of the substantial number of settlers of German origin coming into British North America from Pennsylvania during and after 1776.
Go to full entry >n. a bronze coin valued at one hundredth part of a Canadian dollar, adopted officially as Canadian currency in 1858; also, the value of this coin.
Go to full entry >a storage pit for food, making use of the refrigeration properties of the permafrost.
Go to full entry >1 n. a licence to buy and consume a specified amount of liquor, often for medicinal purposes only, in areas where the sale of spirits is otherwise illegal.
Expand + | Go to full entry >a person trading or selling whisky, especially as an illicit business, to the Indians.
Go to full entry >n. a widely used wooden canoe patterned on the birchbark canoe and manufactured in Lakefield, Ontario, by the Peterborough Canoe Company.
Go to full entry >n. a decked launch or large whaleboat equipped with a single sail and a modest motor, widely used in the Eastern Arctic and patterned on a type of whaler deriving from Peterhead, Scotland.
Go to full entry >n. a decked launch or large whaleboat equipped with a single sail and a modest motor, widely used in the Eastern Arctic and patterned on a type of whaler deriving from Peterhead, Scotland.
Go to full entry >that part of the Newfoundland coast, since 1783 from Cape St. John northward on the east and the entire west coast down to Cape Ray, where by the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 the French were granted fishery and shore-drying rights, an arrangement that lasted until 1904.
Go to full entry >n. a small food fish, Microgadus tomcod, of the St. Lawrence River and adjacent waters.
Go to full entry >n. a long-handled, pronged device used for forking fish from boat to wharf or stage.
Go to full entry >1 n. a species of grouse, Pedicetes phasianellus, found in the West and North.
Expand + | Go to full entry >n. a trailing evergreen shrub, Mitchella repens, having roundish leaves and white blossoms.
Go to full entry >n. a form of hysteria among Eskimos, especially among women, occurring during the dark winter.
Go to full entry >1 n. a North American wildcat, Lynx canadensis, having prominently tufted ears, large cushioned paws, and a black tail-tip.
Expand + | Go to full entry >a shelter erected at a roadside picnic ground or camping ground for the accommodation of motorists and others.
Go to full entry >a social event to which women bring pies to sell to raise money for some charitable purpose.
Go to full entry >1 n. a migratory wild pigeon, Ectopistes migratorius, which appeared in immense flocks during August up to the late 19th century, becoming extinct by 1914.
Expand + | Go to full entry >1 n. one of several berries, especially the fruit of the Cornus canadensis, a dogwood.
Expand + | Go to full entry >1 n. a newcomer or tourist, as opposed to an established resident; greenhorn.
Expand + | Go to full entry >1 n. the pilot or guide in charge of a brigade of canoes or other vessels, or of one vessel only.
Expand + | Go to full entry >a lot granted to a ship's pilot to encourage him to settle in a region where his services were in demand.
Go to full entry >a large grosbeak, Pinicola enucleator, common in the northern parts of Canada.
Go to full entry >a coast-to-coast system of radar stations across southern Canada, equipped to detect and warn of approaching aircraft or missiles.
Go to full entry >a coast-to-coast system of radar stations across southern Canada, equipped to detect and warn of approaching aircraft or missiles.
Go to full entry >1 n. a large mound of ice covered with soil forced up by the pressure of expanding ice in the subsoil.
Expand + | Go to full entry >n. a species of Pacific salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, characterized by pinkish flesh.
Go to full entry >a species of Pacific salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, characterized by pinkish flesh.
Go to full entry >a grouse, Tympanuchus cupido americanus, common on the southern prairies.
Go to full entry >a species of grouse, Pedicetes phasianellus, found in the West and North.
Go to full entry >n. a person of mixed Indian and European, especially French, parentage; half-breed.
Go to full entry >1 n. a spell of travelling or rowing between rest periods at which a pipe was smoked; the distance that could be travelled in such a spell.
Expand + | Go to full entry >1 n. an ornamented ceremonial pipe, used by certain Indian tribes as a symbol of peace and adopted by the white traders in their dealings with these Indians.
Expand + | Go to full entry >an ornamented ceremonial pipe, used by certain Indian tribes as a symbol of peace and adopted by the white traders in their dealings with these Indians.
Go to full entry >n. an ornamented ceremonial pipe, used by certain Indian tribes as a symbol of peace and adopted by the white traders in their dealings with these Indians.
Go to full entry >n. a discussion with Indians solemnized by the smoking of a pipe, or calumet.
Go to full entry >n. any of various types of stone suitable for making tobacco pipes or calumets.
Go to full entry >n. a type of buffalo jump surrounded by steep cliffs, used by Plains Indians in slaughtering buffalo.
Go to full entry >1 v. travel from one camping place to another; move on, especially in stages, camping en route. Also pitch along.
Expand + | Go to full entry >bring in a season's fur catch to a post for crediting against debt (def. 1); visit a post to replenish supplies.
Go to full entry >v. travel from one camping place to another; move on, especially in stages, camping en route. Also pitch along.
Go to full entry >any of several species of pine that yield pitch, especially Pinus rigida found in parts of Eastern Canada.
Go to full entry >1 n. one of a series of depressions and ridges caused by impacted snow on a winter road, a source of much jolting and bouncing to passengers in sleighs, carioles, etc.
Expand + | Go to full entry >an herb, Sarracenia purpurea, whose leaves form into pitcher-shaped receptacles that entrap insects, adopted as the floral emblem of Newfoundland.
Go to full entry >a trail used or many years by Indians moving from one region to another.
Go to full entry >the debt (def. 1) run up by a trapper at airading post before leaving for the hunting grounds.
Go to full entry >n. a kind of jacklight (def. 1), so called because of its resemblance to a miner's pitlamp.
Go to full entry >n. extensive rolling grasslands, specifically those found in western Canada; also, the region covered by these grasslands.
Go to full entry >1 n. extensive rolling grasslands, specifically those found in western Canada; also, the region covered by these grasslands.
Expand + | Go to full entry >a species of buffalo (def. 2) native to the great plains, a smaller species than the wood buffalo.
Go to full entry >any of several large North American hares found in the West, as Lepus americanus and, especially, L. townsendii.
Go to full entry >n. a member of a of several tribes of Indians inhabiting the prairies, as the Blackfoot, Assiniboine, and Plains Cree.
Go to full entry >n. a mixture of Canadian French, Cree and, sometimes English spoken by the Métis of the older generation.
Go to full entry >n. in clearing land, a planned procedure for felling trees for burning (def. 1) in such a way that as many as possible fall near or across each other so that an efficient burn results.
Go to full entry >among Coast Indians, a long rectangular communal dwelling, built of cedar, housing several families, and used at times for ceremonial affairs. [See picture at plank house.]
Go to full entry >a road made of rough-hewn planks laid across timbers running end-to-end at right angles to the planks.
Go to full entry >a road made of rough-hewn planks laid across timbers running end-to-end at right angles to the planks.
Go to full entry >n. a road made of rough-hewn planks laid across timbers running end-to-end at right angles to the planks.
Go to full entry >1a n. a settler in the colony, or plantation (def. 1), of Newfoundland.
Expand + | Go to full entry >a prefabricated igloo, intended to be used in the Arctic as a more permanent substitute for the traditional snowhouse.
Go to full entry >an animal skin used to cover a sleeping platform or ledge in an igloo.
Go to full entry >1 of a mine or goldfield, worked out ; exhausted of minerals.
Expand + | Go to full entry >n. one of a series of games played by two or more teams in a league to determine which is the champion.
Go to full entry >n. a concentration of stores, usually in or near a suburban residential district, where there is adequate room for parking, spacious walks, etc.; shopping centre.
Go to full entry >a competition among farmers to determine who is the most skilful at ploughing.
Go to full entry >v. arrange the kernels (of grain) in such a way that inferior or frozen grain is concealed and an unduly high grade allowed by the elevator man.
Go to full entry >a riding which is traditionally so strong in support of a given party that the candidate running there is virtually certain of being elected.
Go to full entry >1 n. a hostel providing lodging for indigent persons at public expense, supervised by the local relief agency.
Expand + | Go to full entry >1a n. a wedge or tongue of land projecting into a river or lake, especially at a bend.
Expand + | Go to full entry >a well-known make of blanket produced for the Hudson's Bay Company and having marks, or points (def. 2), woven into the fabric.
Go to full entry >the player taking up position at the point (def. 4) during a power play.
Go to full entry >a warm woollen coat made of the same material as Hudson's Bay blankets.
Go to full entry >a well-known make of blanket produced for the Hudson's Bay Company and having marks, or points (def. 2), woven into the fabric.
Go to full entry >1 n. a sturdy flat-bottomed boat about 20 ft. long, pointed fore and aft and having a shallow draft, specially designed for use in river drives. [See picture at pointer.]
Expand + | Go to full entry >a sturdy flat-bottomed boat about 20 ft. long, pointed fore and aft and having a shallow draft, specially designed for use in river drives. [See picture at pointer.]
Go to full entry >n. the player taking up position at the point (def. 4) during a power play.
Go to full entry >a fresh-water food fish, Stenodus mackenzii, native to the rivers and lakes of the Yukon and the Northwest Territories, having pinkish flesh when prime and averaging about twelve pounds, though occasionally running as high as forty.
Go to full entry >1 n. a bag or small sack especially one used in carrying gold dust or nuggets.
Expand + | Go to full entry >n. a defensive play made by holding the stick low along the ice and poking the puck out of the puck-carrier's control.
Go to full entry >a species of large hare, Lepus arcticus, having white winter fur, found in the Barren Grounds.
Go to full entry >n. a long pole, often tipped with iron or steel, used for pushing or guiding a canoe or other boat in narrow or shallow streams.
Go to full entry >a road over swampy or muddy terrain built of logs laid side by side at right angles to the way.
Go to full entry >a logging camp producing poles and posts for use in farming, construction, etc.
Go to full entry >a place where a detachment of Royal Canadian Mounted Police is stationed.
Go to full entry >a place where a detachment of Royal Canadian Mounted Police is stationed.
Go to full entry >an unincorporated village administered by an elective board of trustees.
Go to full entry >an unincorporated village administered by an elective board of trustees.
Go to full entry >1 n. an Indian employed by the R.C.M.P., earlier the N.W.M.P., as a constable with limited authority on a reserve or in other regions occupied by Indians.
Expand + | Go to full entry >a firm bottom to a shallow rir or lake, permitting the use of a setting-pole.
Go to full entry >in an election, a person charged with the responsibility of getting out the vote for a particular party in a given area.
Go to full entry >v. look for usable or salable items that others have discarded, as in a dump or a junk shop.
Go to full entry >a juicy fall apple having crisp, white flesh and red skin when ripe.
Go to full entry >v. cook game or fish by splitting it and holding it on a stick or spit over an open fire.
Go to full entry >n. a bridge across a river, bay, etc., formed by the natural freezing of the water and used as a means of crossing from one shore to the other.
Go to full entry >a train operated over a line of track by more than one railway company.
Go to full entry >a route to a goldfield that is safe and cheap for stampeders (def. 1).
Go to full entry >n. a bead or beads of shell, Venus mercenaria, later also of porcelain, important as a kind of currency among eastern Indians.
Go to full entry >1a n. in early use, an engagé of the North West Company who signed on to man the canoes plying between Montreal and the Grand Portage, so called because pork was the staple of their diet, as opposed to the pemmican and coarser foods endured by winterers and others who ventured into the interior.
Expand + | Go to full entry >1a n. on a waterway, a place where both canoe (or other vessel) and cargo are carried from one lake or river to another or around rapids, falls, or other obstructions.
Expand + | Go to full entry >1a v. carry (canoe, supplies, etc.) at a portage (def. la).
Expand + | Go to full entry >a kind of harness for carrying heavy loads, drawing on a tracking line, etc., consisting of a leather strap that is broad at the middle and tapers at both ends, the broad band being placed around the forehead (or chest) and the two ends attached to the pack or other load.
Go to full entry >1a a road used for portaging boats and cargo by means of vehicles.
Expand + | Go to full entry >a kind of harness for carrying heavy loads, drawing on a tracking line, etc., consisting of a leather strap that is broad at the middle and tapers at both ends, the broad band being placed around the forehead (or chest) and the two ends attached to the pack or other load.
Go to full entry >a kind of harness for carrying heavy loads, drawing on a tracking line, etc., consisting of a leather strap that is broad at the middle and tapers at both ends, the broad band being placed around the forehead (or chest) and the two ends attached to the pack or other load. [See picture at tumpline.]
Go to full entry >n. the carrying of canoes or boats and their cargoes at a portage (def. la).
Go to full entry >n. the carrying of canoes or boats and their cargoes at a portage (def. la).
Go to full entry >a group of loggers in town from the portage roads (def. 2) for a sit.
Go to full entry >1 n. one of several stopping places established on a long portage (def. la). See 1933 quote.
Expand + | Go to full entry >n. a group of riders on well-trained horses who perform in processions, at fairs or stampedes, etc., usually for some charity.
Go to full entry >n. a trading post (def. 1), especially one belonging to the Hudson's Bay Company.
Go to full entry >originally, a light open sleigh used in French Canada, drawn by one or two horses (sometimes by dogs), and having a seat for the driver.
Go to full entry >any Indian who lived in or near a fur post, especially those employed as hunters.
Go to full entry >n. a fence made of rails set lengthwise between vertical posts, usually in pairs side by side.
Go to full entry >1 n. one of a number of government-licensed inns equipped with livery and a fixed tariff of rates per mile for hire of horses by travellers.
Expand + | Go to full entry >n. an American settler who moved into Canada (1790-1800) after the influx of the true refugees, the motive usually being to take advantage of the Crown lands being opened for settlement.
Go to full entry >n. a piece of wood used in suspending a pot over an outdoor fire. [See picture at chiploquorgan]
Go to full entry >a payment made to prairie farmers to induce them to permit ducks to breed freely in sloughs on their property.
Go to full entry >a low-lying meadow subject to flooding during spring runoffs and productive in hay.
Go to full entry >hunting ducks near potholes or sloughs, where they feed and breed.
Go to full entry >1 n. a gift of goods or money; donation; handout. Also spelled potlach.
a federal law forbidding the potlatch (def. 2a) on the ground that the institution was wasteful and disruptive. See quote.
Go to full entry >the system of holding reciprocal potlatches (def. 2a) and thus incurring the accompanying debts and obligations of this social institution among the Coast Indians.
Go to full entry >v. prepare meat for pemmican by pounding it to powder between two stones, an Indian practice adopted by the white man in the old Northwest.
Go to full entry >1a n. an enclosure or trap into which deer or caribou were driven for slaughtering by the Indians. Also spelled pond.
Expand + | Go to full entry >fish that has been dried and powdered by being pounded between two stones to make it easier to store and carry.
Go to full entry >n. the flesh of the caribou, buffalo, or other game cut into thin slices, dried in the sun or over a fire, and pulverized between two stones, the resulting powder being the basic ingredient of pemmican.
Go to full entry >1a n. among Indians: a conference or gathering to discuss business or to engage in some ceremonial or rite.
Expand + | Go to full entry >a special combination of players which is iced by a team whenever its opponents are shorthanded.
Go to full entry >a small over-snow vehicle equipped with skis at the front and powered by a motor driving a treaded endless track. [See picture at motor toboggan.]
Go to full entry >a species of buffalo (def. 2) native to the great plains, a smaller species than the wood buffalo.
Go to full entry >1 a grouse, Tympanuchus cupido americanus, common on the southern prairies.
Expand + | Go to full entry >extensive rolling grasslands, specifically those found in western Canada; also, the region covered by these grasslands.
Go to full entry >1 a small fox, Vulpes velox hebes, once common on the prairies.
Expand + | Go to full entry >a grouse, Tympanuchus cupido americanus, common on the southern prairies.
Go to full entry >1 a variety of the red fox, Vulpes fulva, found on the prairies.
Expand + | Go to full entry >a grouse, Tympanuchus cupido americanus, common on the southern prairies.
Go to full entry >any of several large North American hares found in the West, as Lepus americanus and, especially, L. townsendii.
Go to full entry >1 a grouse, Tympanuchus cupido americanus, common on the southern prairies.
a member of a of several tribes of Indians inhabiting the prairies, as the Blackfoot, Assiniboine, and Plains Cree.
Go to full entry >a form of dermatitis caused by a fresh-water hydra encountered in certain sloughs on the prairie (def. 2a).
Go to full entry >extensive rolling grasslands, specifically those found in western Canada; also, the region covered by these grasslands.
Go to full entry >any of various types of wagon used by settlers in the westward migration of the nineteenth century.
Go to full entry >a squint characteristic of many western farmers who work long hours in the sun.
Go to full entry >any of various types of wagon used by settlers in the westward migration of the nineteenth century.
Go to full entry >a small wolf, Canis latrans, usually associated with the prairies but found across Canada, mainly in the region south of the range of the larger timber wolf.
Go to full entry >one of the large communities of the gregarious prairie dog (def. 2).
Go to full entry >adj. or attrib. relating to the period prior to 1867, when Confederation was established.
Go to full entry >1 v. take over (land) by legal claim for purposes of engaging in mining operations.
Expand + | Go to full entry >1 n. the right to purchase public land under stipulated conditions and on the basis of a prior claim, such as established settlement or the ownership and improvement of adjacent land.
Expand + | Go to full entry >adj. of or pertaining to the period prior to the arrival of the Loyalists in Canada.
Go to full entry >n. a settler arriving prior to the American Revolution, especially a New Englander who settled in Nova Scotia prior to 1776.
Go to full entry >1 n. the chief executive of a provincial government (in modern use in Canada, usually distinguished from the prime minister).
Expand + | Go to full entry >n. one of an annual issue of gifts to the Indians, made by the government or the fur companies with the intent of maintaining the goodwill of the recipients.
Go to full entry >n. a person charged with administering the affairs of a province during the absence of the governor general or lieutenant-governor or in the interim between the departure of one governor and the arrival of his successor. In full, President of the Council or Province.
Go to full entry >adj. adv. designating skins that are in undeteriorated winter growth of hair and full thickness of hide.
Go to full entry >1 the chief executive of the government of Canada; the first minister of the federal government and, in practice, the leader of the party in power.
Expand + | Go to full entry >the territory granted by charter in 1670 to the Hudson's Bay Company and surrendered to the Government of Canada in 1870 for a compensation of £300,000, understood as comprising all land watered by rivers flowing into Hudson Bay and so named because Prince Rupert was first governor of the Company.
Go to full entry >the distribution of property and gifts at small gatherings without the customary ceremony, to circumvent the Potlatch Law, Hence, private potlatcher.
Go to full entry >the practice among company officers and, at times, other employees of trading with the Indians on a private basis.
Go to full entry >a member or supporter of the Progressive Conservative Party.
Go to full entry >the current name, since 1942, of the Canadian political party descended from the Conservative Party of Sir John A. Macdonald and succeeding leaders; also, any of the several related provincial parties.
Go to full entry >a political party having substantial support among liberals and farmers in the 1920's.
Go to full entry >a transaction in which the customer at a trading post simply turned over his furs for their exact value in goods.
Go to full entry >n. the pronghorn, Antilocapra americana, of the southern prairies.
Go to full entry >in government surveys, the east-west line that functions as a starting point for the parallel lines demarcating blocks, townships, etc.
Go to full entry >n. a steamboat propelled by a turning screw, used largely on the Great Lakes.
Go to full entry >n. a stock-holding partner in the Montreal-based fur companies, especially the North West Company who represented the company the year round at the trading posts in the fur country.
Go to full entry >1 n. a mining area or claim appearing to have attractive mineral deposits; a site that a prospector works.
Expand + | Go to full entry >a series of religious services held all day long for several days.
Go to full entry >carry out the improvements required to gain the patent on homesteaded land.
Go to full entry >v. carry out the improvements required to gain the patent on homesteaded land.
Go to full entry >carry out the improvements required to gain the patent on homesteaded land.
Go to full entry >1 n. any one of the principal administrative subdivisions of British North America.
Expand + | Go to full entry >the official name of the entity formed by the union of Upper and Lower Canada from 1841 to 1867, the two parts being known officially as Canada West and Canada East respectively.
Go to full entry >any of the currency notes issued by several of the provinces in colonial times.
Go to full entry >1 adj. of or pertaining to one of the provinces of British North America.
Expand + | Go to full entry >any of the currency notes issued by several of the provinces in colonial times.
Go to full entry >a standard of exchange which served as a system of account in colonial times, being officially adopted in Lower Canada and later in Upper Canada, where York Currency had long predominated.
Go to full entry >a large tract of wild land preserved for the enjoyment of the people and maintained by the provincial government.
Go to full entry >a police force maiained by a province to enforce the laws of the province in areas lacking municipal police protection.
Go to full entry >the chief executive of a provincial government (in modern use in Canada, usually distinguished from the prime minister).
Go to full entry >the rights of the several provinces to exercise control in those areas designated as being under provincial jurisdiction in the British North America Act.
Go to full entry >v. the carrying out of the commitments required to prove up a homestead.
Go to full entry >a post established by a fur-trading company to accommodate hunters responsible for supplying meat to trading posts in the district.
Go to full entry >a municipal unit in Upper Canada which was not qualified as a county proper but which was expected soon so to qualify.
Go to full entry >a large unorganized or partly organized frontier area established primarily for judicial purposes.
Go to full entry >1 a temporary government set up by the rebels in Upper Canada in 1838.
Expand + | Go to full entry >a large unorganized or partly organized frontier area established primarily for judicial purposes.
Go to full entry >a tax-supported school for the education of children, especially, in modern use, an elementary school; also, the building in which such a school is held.
Go to full entry >n. in hockey, lacrosse, etc. the putting of the puck or ball into play by dropping it between the sticks of two opposing players facing each other.
Go to full entry >n. a sickle-shaped hand hook used in working with pulpwood. [See picture at pulphook.]
Go to full entry >n. a large, wild cat, Felis concolor, once common but now confined to southwestern Canada.
Go to full entry >a tall, stately pine, Pinus strobus, of eastern Canada, much used for shipmasts in colonial days and providing the basis for the lumber industry.
Go to full entry >n. a person who relays the shouted signals of the hooktender to the donkey operator by blowing a whistle or operating an electric whistle (an occupation now largely displaced by electronic devices)
Go to full entry >n. a tiny winged insect, Culicoides sp., that has a nasty bite; also, sometimes a sandfly.
Go to full entry >a shore bird, Erolia maritima, common in the North, so called because of its winter feathers of purplish black over underparts of white.
Go to full entry >1 n. a long pole or stick used to push a dogsled whenever the dogs need help from the driver.
Expand + | Go to full entry >a long pole or stick used to push a dogsled whenever the dogs need help from the driver.
Go to full entry >n. a breathing-hole made in the ice by muskrats and kept open by means of tufts of grass and other vegetation stuffed in the opening.
Go to full entry >