rababoo

Red† 

1 n. a North American Indian.

red brother† 

n. a North American Indian.

Red Chamber

1 the chamber in the Parliament Buildings where the Senate convenes.

Red Chevron

a Canadian veteran of the First World War (1914-18) who served at the Second Battle of Ypres.

Red Children

1 n. the Indians of Canada considered as wards of the Crown.

red cod

a reddish rock fish, Sebastodes ruberrimus, found in Pacific Coast waters.

red deer

1 See whitetail deer; also, the skin of this animal.

red dog-willow

a shrub, Cornus stolonifera, with conspicuous red stems, the inner bark of which was often used in the making of kinnikinik (def. 1).

red dogwood

a shrub, Cornus stolonifera, with conspicuous red stems, the inner bark of which was often used in the making of kinnikinik (def. 1).

Red Ensign

n. a red flag with a Union Jack in the upper corner next to the staff and the Canadian coat of arms on the fly, used as the national flag of Canada until replaced in 1965 by the official red-and-white flag with a maple-leaf design.

Red Fife (wheat)

the first variety of wheat to be produced in Canada, developed in the 1870's, near Peterborough, Ontario, by David Fife (?1804-1877).

Red Fyfe (wheat)

Red Indian

1 a member of the Beothuk people, a now-extinct race inhabiting Newfoundland during the early settlement period.

red liquor

cheap liquor, especially whisky.

Red Man

1 erroneously, any North American Indian.

red paint

cheap liquor, especially whisky.

Red Parlo(u)r

1 a room in the Queen's Hotel, Toronto, where Sir John A. Macdonald held many of his conferences while in that city.

red pine

1 a tree, Pinus resinosa, of eastern and central Canada.

Red River

the colony established by Lord Selkirk in the valley of the Red River in Manitoba in 1812.

Red River belt

a belt or waistband, often of worsted and of bright design, as the L'Assomption sash, characteristic of French Canada and long identified with the voyageurs and Métis.

Red River boat

an inland freight boat, descended from the bateau, in common use from the early 1820's but used for tripping as early as 1790, and finally withdrawn from service entirely about 1930. [See picture at York boat.]

Red River cart

a sturdy two-wheeled cart constructed entirely of wood, the parts being fixed by wooden pins and lashed with shaganappi (def. 1); the wheels were some five feet in diameter and about three inches broad at the rim; the axle carried a simple box equipped with a railing for carrying the load, about 1,000 pounds. As a rule, the carts travelled in trains or brigades and the ungreased wheels gave forth ear-piercing shrieks and squeals which could be heard for miles across the prairie. [See picture at Red River cart.]

Red River colony

the colony established by Lord Selkirk in the valley of the Red River in Manitoba in 1812.

Red River fever

See 1889 quote.

Red River frame (building)

See 1921 quote.

Red River granite

See quote.

Red River horse

n. Originally, a wild pony, a mustang; later generalized in the West as a name for any horse, often with a derogatory or contemptuous connotation.

Red River Insurrection

an uprising of Métis, and some early white settlers in the Red River area in 1870, led by Louis Riel and caused by encroachment on prairie lands by the Canadian government.

Red River jig

1 a vigorous dance popular in the old Northwest.

Red River maple

a deciduous tree, Acer negundo, common in western Canada; box elder.

Red River of the North

the Red River of southern Manitoba.

Red River Rebellion

an uprising of Métis, and some early white settlers in the Red River area in 1870, led by Louis Riel and caused by encroachment on prairie lands by the Canadian government.

Red River reel

a vigorous dance popular in the old Northwest.

Red River salmon

See quote.

Red River Settlement

the colony established by Lord Selkirk in the valley of the Red River in Manitoba in 1812.

Red River wagon

a sturdy two-wheeled cart constructed entirely of wood, the parts being fixed by wooden pins and lashed with shaganappi (def. 1); the wheels were some five feet in diameter and about three inches broad at the rim; the axle carried a simple box equipped with a railing for carrying the load, about 1,000 pounds. As a rule, the carts travelled in trains or brigades and the ungreased wheels gave forth ear-piercing shrieks and squeals which could be heard for miles across the prairie. [See picture at Red River cart]

red salmon

n. a species of Pacific salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, that ranges from Alaska to Japan.

red sash

a type of won belt similar to the L'Assomption sash.

red spring

a red-fleshed variety of the spring salmon.

red spruce

1 a species of spruce, Picea rubens, found in eastern Canada.

red tide

a micro-orgasm which when ingested by clams and mussels renders them poisonous to man.

red trout

See 1966 quote.

Red Wig

William Lyon Mackenzie, 1795-1861, leader of the radical Reformers responsible for the 1837 Rebellion in Upper Canada (a derogatory allusion to his red hair).

red willow

a shrub, Cornus stolonifera, with conspicuous red stems, the inner bark of which was often used in the making of kinnikinik (def. 1).

red-back

n. a Hereford steer, cow, etc.

red-barked willow

See quote.

red-chamber club

the Senate (def. 1) itself

red-line

n. the red line marking mid-ice and important in regulations governing offsides.

red-osier dogwood

a shrub, Cornus stolonifera, with conspicuous red stems, the inner bark of which was often used in the making of kinnikinik (def. 1).

red-winged oriole

a red-winged blackbird, Agelaius phoeniceus.

redberry

n. a shrub,Vaccinium sp., bearing edible red berries.

redcoat

1a n. a British soldier stationed in Canada.

redcrested woodpecker

the pileated woodpecker, Dryocopus pileatus.

redeye† 

n. cheap liquor, especially whisky.

redfish

1 n. a dwarf landlocked salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka kennerlyi, native to southern British Columbia.

redjacket

n. a member of the Royal Canadian (formerly, North West) Mounted Police.

redskin† 

n. erroneously, any North American Indian. See note at Red Indian (def. 2).

redthroated diver

a small loon, Gavia stellata, found throughout the north of Canada.

redthroated loon

reef

v. in hockey, etc., bodycheck (an opponent) so heavily as to knock down.

reefer† 

n. a refrigerator car or truck; also, a walk-in refrigerator.

reels

n. pl. a fire engine; fire truck.

reeve

n. in Ontario and the western provinces, the chairman of a village, township, or municipal-district council, an elective office except in Alberta (see 1945 quote).

reeveship

n. the office and responsibilities of a reeve.

reflector (oven)

n. a type of oven of highly polished metal, used for baking before an open campfire by reflected heat.

Reform

adj. of or pertaining to the Reformers (def. I).

Reform party

Reformers (def. 1) as a political group.

Reformed Doukhobor

an extremist sect of the Doukhobors, called Community Doukhobors and dedicated to protesting against the government by disrobing, arson, bombings, and other forms of violence.

Reformer

1 n. in Upper and Lower Canada, a member of a political group advocating a greater measure of responsible government and other reforms, the movement being among the antecedents of the present Liberal Party

refter

refugee

1 n. See 1946 quote.

regale ((n.))

1 n. a ration of rum, brandy, etc. issued to company employees embarking on, during, or following an arduous journey by canoe, York boat, etc.

regale ((v.))

v. treat to a regale (def. 2).

Regina Manifesto

See 1962 quote.

regional school

especially in rural districts, a centrally located school taking the place of several smaller schools.

registered Indian

See 1964 quote.

rehab

n. (used attributively) of or having to do with the rehabilitation program introduced by the Department of Veterans Affairs following World War II.

rehabilitation grant

a sum of money granted to all honorably discharged Canadian veterans following World War II, used by many for completing their education.

reindeer

n. any of several species of North American reindeer, genus Rangifer, native to Canada, Alaska, and formerly to Maine and Mass.

reindeer lichen

a whitish-gray lichen, Cladonia rangiferina, a staple food of the caribou.

reindeer moss† 

a whitish-gray lichen, Cladonia rangiferina, a staple food of the caribou.

reindeer pass

a migration route followed by caribou.

remittance farmer

a remittance man (def. 1) who runs a farm.

remittance fellow

n. a person living in Canada on money remitted from his family in the Old Country, usually to insure that he did not return home to become a source of embarrassment.

remittance man

1 a person living in Canada on money remitted from his family in the Old Country, usually to insure that he did not return home to become a source of embarrassment.

remitter

n. a person living in Canada on money remitted from his family in the Old Country, usually to insure that he did not return home to become a source of embarrassment.

rente

renversé

n. a tract of land strewn with trees toppled by the wind.

represent

representation commissioner

See quote.

Representation Day

a day requiring all miners to "represent" their claims (occupy and work them in good order) following a winter layoff period when the law governing jumping claims was not enforced, it being a requirement that no unoccupied claim be protected from jumpers for a period longer than seventy-two hours.

Republic of Madawaska

See quote.

Republic of Manitoba

See 1958 quote.

reputed township

an area generally accepted as a township or planned as one, but not yet officially so designated.

reservation† 

n. a tract of land set aside by the government for the exclusive use of a band of Indians, usually by treaty.

reserve

1 n. a tract of land set aside for a specific purpose by the government.

reserve agent

an official representing the Indian Affairs Branch of the federal gornment in its dealings with and responsibilities toward the Indians in a certain agency, reserve, or district. Formerly called Indian agent, as still in popular usage.

Reserve(s)

n. those lands, comprising one-seventh of each township in Upper Canada and parts of Lower Canada, reserved by the Crown in the Canada Act of 1791 for the support and maintenance of the clergy of the Church of England.

residence lot

n. a parcel of la suitable for building a house on.

resident elector

a British subject over 21 years of age who has resided in a municipality for more than six months prior to a municipal election, exclusive of owner-electors.

resident voter

residential school

a boarding school operated or subsidized by the federal government to accommodate students, especially Indians and Eskimos, attending classes at a considerable distance from their homes.

resources road

a road giving access to areas not served by highways.

rest

1 n. one of several stopping places established on a long portage (def. la). See pose 1933 quote.

rest-stick

n. a sturdy stick or pole used to take the weight of a pack off the bearer's shoulders and forehead while he is resting on the trail.

Restigouche salmon

a much esteemed variety of Atlantic salmon, associated with the Restigouche River in New Brunswick.

resting place

one of several stopping places established on a long portage (def. la). See pose 1933 quote.

resting pole

a sturdy stick or pole used to take the weight of a pack off the bearer's shoulders and forehead while he is resting on the trail.

return(ing) potlatch

a potlatch (def. 1) held to pay back with interest gifts received at earlier potlatches.

returned man

a veteran returned from overseas service.

returned soldier

returning officer† 

See 1945 quote.

returns

n.pl. See 1963 quote.

revanche du berceau

See Revenge of the Cradle quote.

Revenge of the Cradle

See quote.

Revillon (Frères)

n. Revillon Freres Trading Co., a Paris-based fur company operating in Canada from 1905 to 1936, when absorbed by the Hudson's Bay Company.

Rhinoceros Party

a pseudo-political party which ran candidates in Montreal ridings during federal elections of the 1960's, the objective being to make the electors aware of purported inadequacies in the old-line parties.

ribbon farm

a long, narrow holding of land fronting on a river, such as the farms of old Quebec along the St. Lawrence River and those in the Red River Settlement.

Ribbon-man† 

n. one of the many Irish laborers in Bytown [Ottawa] during the 1830's and 1840's, employed first in the building of the Rideau Canal and later as shantymen, (def. 1).

Ribbonite

n. a member of a society of teetotallers, who wore blue ribbons.

ribstone

n. See 1965 quote.

rice

n. See wild rice 1963 quote.

rice bed

the shallows of a lake where wild rice grows.

rice field

rice grounds

rice pond

richeau

n. a palatable dish of pemmican mixed with flour and vegetables, when available, and warmed over a fire.

Richibucto goose

n. salted shad, as prepared in Richibucto, Kent County, Nova Scotia.

richôt

rick-a-dick

n. See quote.

ride

v. See quote.

ride and tie

See 1958 quote.

ride the rapids

v. navigate a rapids, riffle, etc. in a canoe, boat, or raft.

Rideau Hall

since 1868, Government House in Ottawa, the residence of the Governor General of Canada.

Rider of the Plains

a member of the North West Mounted Police.

riding

1 n. in Upper Canada, a subdivision of a county, set up primarily for election purposes.

Riel (up)rising

Riel rebellion

1 an uprising of Métis, and some early white settlers in the Red River area in 1870, led by Louis Riel and caused by encroachment on prairie lands by the Canadian government.

Rielite

n. a supporter of Louis Riel.

riffle ((n.))† 

1a n. an obstruction in a watercourse, as a shallows, rapids, or sandbar.

riffle ((v.))

v. ruffle; cause to form into wavelets or ripples.

rift† 

n. an obstruction in a watercourse, as a shallows, rapids, or sandbar.

rig

v. make a tree ready to function as a spar tree, attaching guy lines to it and equipping it with the main line (def. 3) and other lines which run into the bush for the moving of logs.

rigger

n. See 1942 quote.

rigging crew

a crew of riggers.

rigging goat

See quote.

rigging leverman

the engineer on a rigging crew.

rigging-slinger

n. the lead hand of a crew of riggers.

right-of-way

1 n. a strip of land granted or sold to a company for the construction of a railway, power line, etc.

rim

n. an outcropping or ridge of rock, especially one that once formed the bank of a stream.

rim-ice

n. a shelf of ice anchored to the bank of a river otherwise open.

rimrock ((n.))

1 n. an outcropping or ridge of rock, especially one that once formed the bank of a stream.

rimrock ((v.))

1 v. drive (cattle) into a corral, enclosure, etc.

rind ((n.))† 

n. the bark of trees.

rind ((v.))

v. remove the rind from. Hence, rinder.

rinding

n. See 1792 quote.

ring† 

v. See girdle quotes.

ring dollar

a Spanish dollar having a hole punched in the centre. [See picture at holey dollar.]

ring(ed) seal

a seal, Phoca hispida, characterized by ringlike white spots on the body, found in northern regions.

rink

1 n. the ice surface, usually surrounded by a board fence, on which hockey is played.

rink rat

a boy or young man who helps with the chores around a hockey rink, often in return for free skating, free admission to hockey games, etc.

rinkhouse

n. a small, heated cabin near an outdoor rink, used by persons putting on or taking off skates.

rinkside

n. the space behind the boards surrounding a hockey rink, especially the seats along the boards. Hence, rinksider, n.

rip ((n.))† 

n. a stretch of ruffled water caused by such an obstruction; the place where such an obstruction is.

rip ((v.))

v. of water, rush through or over a riffle (def. 1a).

ripple† 

1 n. an obstruction in a watercourse, as a shallows, rapids, or sandbar.

river boot

a strong boot the sole of which is studded with steel spikes, or caulks, used by loggers to keep from slipping on wet or sloping logs.

river cake

n. a flat, unleavened cake made by baking in a frying pan or by covering with hot ashes in a fireplace.

river claim† 

See creek claim 1907 quote.

river drive

n. a specific collection of logs being floated downstream at high water from the timber limits to a mill or shipping point.

river flat(s)† 

the level, low-lying land bordering a stream; interval.

river foreman

n. the raftsman in charge of a raft (def. 2).

river landing

the place where logs are ice-landed.

river lot

1 a lot fronting on a river.

river pointer

a sturdy flat-bottomed boat about 20 ft. long, pointed fore and aft and having a shallow draft, specially designed for use in river drives. [See picture at pointer.]

river rat† 

a man who takes part in the process of floating or driving logs.

river road

a route following the course of a frozen river.

river sense

See quote.

river-boss

n. the logger in charge of a drive (def. 1).

river-driver

n. a man who takes part in the process of floating or driving logs.

river-driving

n. the process or practice of floating logs downstream at high water.

river-hog

n. a man who takes part in the process of floating or driving logs.

riverbottom† 

n. the low-lying land adjacent to a river, usually of rich soil because of alluvial deposits left by spring freshets.

riverman

1 n. a man who spends much of his life working on a river as a boatman, canoeman, etc. and is therefore knowledgeable about its ways.

roach (knife)

n. a kind of knife the blade of which folded into a curved handle.

road allowance

1 a strip of land between surveyed concessions, ranges, sections, etc., retained by the municipality for the construction of a road.

road ban

n. a temporary prohibition against making use of unpaved roads during the wet period in spring.

road camp

1 a camp for accommodating men engaged in building roads.

road cheque

a cheque issued by the Department of Highways for work done on roads and trails.

road commissioner

an elected municipal official responsible for public roads, paths, bridges, etc.

road company

in Upper Canada, a private company which undertook the building of roads for the government.

road district

a district in which roads come under local control.

road donkey

a donkey engine having a very long cable on a drum, used for skidding logs out of the bush.

road grader

a vehicle equipped with a heavy blade, used for maintaining unpaved roads and, often, for snow-ploughing.

road hockey

a form of hockey played on a road or street by children using hockey sticks and, usually, a ball.

road inspector

n. an elected municipal official responsible for public roads, paths, bridges, etc.

road patrol

a vehicle equipped with a heavy blade, used for maintaining unpaved roads and, often, for snow-ploughing.

road ranche

n. a rest house or lodge, often of simple character, used by wayfarers.

road-cutter

n. a logger employed in cutting roads and, often, in trimming branches from felled trees.

road-maker

n. a logger employed in cutting roads and, often, in trimming branches from felled trees.

road-scraper

n. See scraper 1935 quote.

roader

n. a donkey engine having a very long cable on a drum, used for skidding logs out of the bush.

roadhouse

n. a rest house or lodge, often of simple character, used by wayfarers.

roadmaster

1 n. an elected municipal official responsible for public roads, paths, bridges, etc.

roaring game† 

n. a winter sport first popular in Scotland, played by two teams of four players, each of whom slides, in turn, two stones down the surface of a sheet of ice, a team's object being to finish with its stones closest to the "tee" in the centre of the target area.

robaboo

robe

1a n. five to eight prime beaver skins, from which the guard hairs had been removed, sewn together to make a robe, worn by the Indians with the fur next to the body. The oil-impregnated fur (coat beaver) made excellent felt and was eagerly bought by the hat-makers.

Robertson raft

a huge, cigar-shaped raft of as many as 22,000 logs, devised by Hugh Robertson of Saint John, N.B., in 1886 and in use for several decades in the lumbering industry for transporting logs in the Atlantic and Pacific. [See picture at Robertson raft.]

robidoo

robin

n. a large red-breasted thrush, Turdus migratorious, native to North America.

Robin Nodwell

a wide-tracked vehicle for use in rough roadless areas, manufactured by the Robin-Nodwell Manufacturing Co. in Calgary, Alberta.

robin redbreast

robin run

See quote.

robin snow† 

a late snowstorm, coming at about the time the robins, heralds of spring, are due to return.

robin storm

Rochbury (knife)

n. See roach and note.

rock

n. the stone used in curling.

rock (out)

v. wash gravel with a rocker.

rock chuck

a species of marmot, Marmota flaviventris, closely related to the hoary marmot.

rock doctor

a geologist.

rock elm

a tree, Ulmus thomasi, of eastern Canada; also, the tough wood of this tree.

rock grouse

a chubby, partridge-like fowl, Lagopus rupestris, of the Barren Grounds.

rock maple

the sugar maple (def. 1); also, the hard wood of this tree.

rock moss

an edible lichen of the genus, Umbilicaria (or, less often, the genus Gyrophora), having circular, leathery, gray­to-brownish thalli found attached to certain rocks by a threadlike holdfast.

rock partridge

a chubby, partridge-like fowl, Lagopus rupestris, of the Barren Grounds.

rock pigeon

a migratory wild pigeon, Ectopistes migratorius, which appeared in immense flocks during August up to the late 19th century, becoming extinct by 1914.

rock ptarmigan

a chubby, partridge-like fowl, Lagopus rupestris, of the Barren Grounds.

rock rabbit† 

a small mammal of the genus Ochotona, found in the western mountain region.

rock rose

See 1958 quote.

rock weed

an edible lichen of the genus, Umbilicaria (or, less often, the genus Gyrophora), having circular, leathery, gray­to-brownish thalli found attached to certain rocks by a threadlike holdfast.

rock whistler

a large marmot, Marmota caligata, of the western mountains.

rock woodchuck

rock worm

a tunnel-worker; tunneller; also, sometimes, a driller.

rock-bottom sluice-box

See quote. [See picture at sluice-box].

rock-hog

a tunnel-worker; tunneller; also, sometimes, a driller.

rock-tripe

n. an edible lichen of the genus, Umbilicaria (or, less often, the genus Gyrophora), having circular, leathery, gray­to-brownish thalli found attached to certain rocks by a threadlike holdfast.

rocker ((1))† 

n. a contrivance used to separate gold from gravel.

rocker ((2))

n. a chubby, partridge-like fowl, Lagopus rupestris, of the Barren Grounds.

rockerthon

n. a competition to see who can rock longest in a rocking chair.

rocking

n. the practice of using a rocker.

rocking-chair money

See quote.

Rocky Mountain bean

See quote.

Rocky Mountain bighorn

n. a sheep, Ovis canadensis, found in the western mountains.

Rocky Mountain deadshot

a pancake.

Rocky Mountain dew

whisky.

Rocky Mountain feathers

See quote.

Rocky Mountain fever

See quotes.

Rocky Mountain goat

a goatlike mammal, Oreamnos montanus, found in the western mountains and related to the European chamois.

Rocky Mountain mutton

the meat of the Rocky Mountain sheep.

Rocky Mountain sheep

a sheep, Ovis canadensis, found in the western mountains.

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

rodeo† 

n. an exhibition of skills in various activities associated with ranching, such as riding, roping, and bull-dogging, also offering chuckwagon races, a grandstand show, etc.

rodney

n. a small, open type of fishing boat that sometimes carries a sail.

rogan

n. See 1923 quote.

roll

1 v. place tobacco into a small rectangle of paper and make a cigarette by rolling the paper round the tobacco with a deft motion of the fingers and thumbs.

roll tobacco

large tobacco leaves twisted into a rope one inch in diameter and then wound into a large (70 lb.) roll and sold by the inch or foot.

roller

n. a logger who piles logs on a skidway (def. 2a), so called because the logs are then rolled up.

rollie

n. a cigarette rolled by hand.

rolling prairie† 

a stretch of undulating plains, as in parts of the Prairie Provinces.

rollings

n. pl. fine-cut tobacco and paper with which to roll one's own cigarettes.

rollway

1 n. It an assembly point between the cutting area and the water's edge, where logs were piled for a time before being transported to the brow (def. 1).

room

1 n. See 1954 quote.

root bread

a breadlike substance made from the camas bulb by the Indians of the Pacific Coast.

root doctor

a herbalist.

root-catcher

n. a botanist.

root-house

n. a space wholly or partly underground where vegetables, especially root vegetables, are stored during the winter.

rose raspberry

a shrub, Rubus odoratus.

rosomack

n. a large fur-bearing animal, Gulo luscus, of the northern forests and tundra, noted for its guile and craftiness.

Ross

n. a smallish white goose, Chen rossii, that breeds in the Far North.

Ross rifle

a rifle designed and manufactured in Canada and issued to Canadian troops overseas during World War I.

Ross's goose

a smallish white goose, Chen rossii, that breeds in the Far North.

rot oil

See quote.

roto-thresh (combine)

n. a rotary combine invented by the Streich Brothers of Clandeboye, Manitoba, in the 1950's which separates chaff from grain by a blast of air through a rotating drum.

roto-threshing

n. threshing with a roto-thresh.

rotted cod oil

rotten

adj. See 1958 quote.

rotting

adj. See rotten 1958 quote.

rotunda

n. a lobby, concourse, foyer, or main hall of a hotel, railway station, college building, etc.

rouchou

Rouge

1 n. a member of the Rouge party.

rouge ((n.))

1 n. a play in which the team receiving a punt behind its own goal line is unable or unwilling to carry the ball back into the field of play, thus conceding a point to the opposition.

rouge ((v.))

1 v. concede a rouge.

Rouge party

the political party made up of the moderate reformers in Quebec (Canada East) during the 1850's and 60's, merging with the Liberals after Confederation.

rough country

rough ice

See quote.

rough sledding

hard going.

rough-barked poplar

the balsam poplar, Populus balsamifera, found throughout the forested areas of Canada.

roughing

n. in hockey and lacrosse, an infraction of the rules whereby one or more players engage in shoving, punching, etc., thus earning a minor penalty.

round up

1 bring (livestock) together in a roundup (def. 1).

roundup† 

1 n. the periodic bringing together of range livestock for branding, shipping, etc.

rousseau

n. a palatable dish of pemmican mixed with flour and vegetables, when available, and warmed over a fire.

rover

n. in hockey and lacrosse, a fourth forward on a team.

rowraddy

n. a shoulder belt attached to a track-rope to increase pulling power.

rowshow

Royal Canadian Mounted Police

since 1920, a police force under the jurisdiction of the federal government of Canada, formerly the North West Mounted Police.

royal commission

any investigation by a person or persons commissioned by the Crown to inquire into some matter on behalf of the federal or a provincial government and to make a report recommending appropriate action.

Royal Mounted

since 1920, a police force under the jurisdiction of the federal government of Canada, formerly the North West Mounted Police.

Royal North West Mounted Police

an earlier (19005-1920) name for the Royal Canadian Mounted Police.

Royalist† 

1a n. a person loyal to the British Crown during the American Revolution.

Royalty

n. See 1904 quote.

rub

n. See rubbing place 1958 quote.

rub noses

See 1945 quote.

rub(b)aboo

1 n. See 1964 quote.

rubber

n. a puck.

rubber bum

See quote.

rubber ice

thin, flexible ice, especially elastic young sea ice.

rubber-chicken circuit

the tour made by an after-dinner speaker, the dinners being noted for tough chicken as the main course.

rubbing place

See 1958 quote.

rubby

1 n. rubbing alcohol used as a drink, especially when flavored with cheap wine or rum.

rubbydub

n. a person who drinks rubbing alcohol, shaving-lotion, etc., often flavored with cheap wine or rum; hence, an alcoholic, especially a derelict.

rubi(e)boo

rue-raddy

ruffed

n. a partridge-like game bird, Bonasa umbellus, occurring in many subspecies across Canada.

ruffed grouse

a partridge-like game bird, Bonasa umbellus, occurring in many subspecies across Canada.

ruffled grouse

a partridge-like game bird, Bonasa umbellus, occurring in many subspecies across Canada.

rugby

n. a distinctive Canadian variety of football developed in the late nineteenth century from English rugby or rugger.

rugby-football

n. a distinctive Canadian variety of football developed in the late nineteenth century from English rugby or rugger.

ruhiggan

n. dried meat, beaten into a pulpy mass.

ruhiggan burgoo

n. See 1964 quote at rubaboo.

rum

1 n. a generic term for spiritous liquor, often personified as in demon rum.

rum trade

See quote.

rummage ((n.))

n. a hunting or fishing expedition.

rummage ((v.))

v. See 1819 quote.

Rummy

n. a political opponent of the temperance movement.

Rumocrat

n. a political opponent of the temperance movement.

run ((n.))

1 n. a fast-moving stretch of water over a relatively smooth bed.

run ((v.))

1 v. navigate a rapids, riffle, etc. in a canoe, boat, or raft.

runner ((1))

1a n. one of two longitudinal pieces on which a sled or sleigh glides over the snow or ice.

runner ((2))

n. a company employee, often an Indian, who made fur-buying trips to the Indian hunting camps in the forest.

running ice

ice that is mong swiftly through the water, carried by the current.

running shoe

a strip of metal attached to a runner (def. 1a).

runoff† 

n. the water that flows from a particular area, especially following the spring thaw.

runway† 

1 n. See 1849 quote.

Rupert

n. See quote.

Rupert's bird

a gray, crestless jay, Perisoreus canadensis.

Rupert's Land

the territory granted by charter in 1670 to the Hudson's Bay Company and surrendered to the Government of Canada in 1870 for a compensation of £300,000, understood as comprising all land watered by rivers flowing into Hudson Bay and so named because Prince Rupert was first governor of the Company.

Rupertia

n. a name once suggested for what is now Winnipeg.

rural municipality

one of several divisions into which certain provinces are broken down for administrative purposes. See 1945 quote.

rural parliament

See quote.

rural route

a mail-delivery route outside an urban area.

rush† 

n. a vast movement of persons to a new goldfield.

rusho(o)

Russell fence

See 1953 quote. Also spelled (erroneously) rustle fence. [See picture.]

Russian Indian

an Indian, as a Tlingit, from the territory in Alaska which was long under Russian control.

Russian poplar

a species of poplar iroduced on the prairies for windbreaks and bluffs to control soil erosion.

Russian potato

a variety of potato growing wild in the Cariboo region, said to have been first obtained from Russian traders in New Caledonia (def. 2) and planted during the goldrush days of the 1860's.

Russian sheeting

See 1963 quote.

Russian thistle† 

a European prickly herb, Salsola kali tenuifolia, introduced into N. America in the 1870's, a costly pest, especially in the grain-growing areas.

rustle fence

Ruthenian

1 n. one of the many Slavic immigrants, particularly Ukrainians, coming to Canada from central Europe in the late 1800's and later.

Ryanite

n. See 1959 quote.

rye

n. whisky distilled in Canada; specifically, blended whisky derived mainly from rye, and called "rye" by Canadians.

Ryersonian ((adj.))

adj. of or pertaining to Egerton Ryerson or his supporters and their views.

Ryersonian ((n.))

n. a supporter of Egerton Ryerson 1803-1882, Upper Canadian Methodist leader and Reformer (def. 1).

Ryersonianism

n. the body of opinion held by Egerton Ryerson and his followers.

réchaud