n. in the North and Northwest, a light tobogganlike dog sled into which a single passenger or a load is laced securely, the dog-driver following behind. [See picture at cariole.]
Go to full entry >n. a vast tract of land lying north of the Lower St. Lawrence and originally belonging to the French kings, who leased the trading rights to traders, a practice taken over by the British government after 1760.
Go to full entry >1 n. maple-syrup candy, often made by pouring the syrup over the snow so that it hardens in brittle sheets.
Expand + | Go to full entry >a social affair at which taffy is made from maple syrup or other syrups, as sugar-molasses.
Go to full entry >1 n. a social affair at which taffy is made from maple syrup or other syrups, as sugar-molasses.
Expand + | Go to full entry >a breed of small dog weighing 15 to 20 pounds and piebald in black and white or brown, found among the Indians of northern British Columbia, the Yukon, and the Mackenzie country.
Go to full entry >a small mammal of the genus Ochotona, found in the western mountain region.
Go to full entry >n. a strong leather line attached to 773 the rear of a dog-sled, permitting the driver to pull back on the sled when going downhill and enabling him, when the line is allowed to drag behind the sled, to retrieve the outfit should the dogs bolt or should his grip on the sled be dislodged.
Go to full entry >n. a strong leather line attached to 773 the rear of a dog-sled, permitting the driver to pull back on the sled when going downhill and enabling him, when the line is allowed to drag behind the sled, to retrieve the outfit should the dogs bolt or should his grip on the sled be dislodged.
Go to full entry >n. a long oar for steering a scow, much used on the rivers of the Northwest at the turn of the century.
Go to full entry >n. a cigarette that is made in a factory, as opposed to one that a smoker rolls for himself.
Go to full entry >n. an unsuccessful joint-stock cattle company formed in the early 1830's at the Red River Settlement for the purpose of raising range cattle on the prairie.
Go to full entry >n. an Indian magician or shaman who practises healing by means of charms and the exorcism of evil spirits or by practical remedies such as administering herbs and sweat baths.
Go to full entry >1 n. a two-seater pleasure sleigh pulled by two horses hitched in single file.
Expand + | Go to full entry >a method of harnessing sled-dogs in single file, used in country where there are obstructions, as in the bush. [See picture at tandem hitch.]
Go to full entry >a two-seater pleasure sleigh pulled by two horses hitched in single file.
Go to full entry >n. the man in charge of the steam engine and team in a steam-threshing crew.
Go to full entry >an extensive sand formation along the Athabasca River impregnated with petroleum oil and tar.
Go to full entry >1 n. a strong bag made of buffalo rawhide sewn hair side out, used as a container for 90 pounds of pemmican (def. 1).
Expand + | Go to full entry >either of two closely related evergreen shrubs, Ledum groenlandicum and L. decumbens var. palustre.
Go to full entry >a social gathering held by Indians, so called because in the early days the Hudson's Bay Company contributed tea, bannock, etc., the dance itself being a kind of single-file stomp done to the beat of skin drums.
Go to full entry >n. a social gathering held by Indians, so called because in the early days the Hudson's Bay Company contributed tea, bannock, etc., the dance itself being a kind of single-file stomp done to the beat of skin drums.
Go to full entry >1 n. a boat propelled by horses working a treadmill that drove the paddle-wheel(s).
Expand + | Go to full entry >n. a conical tent in which poles spread at the ground and joined at the top are covered with buffalo hide (originally), canvas, etc., used primarily by the Plains Indians.
Go to full entry >a ring of stones used to hold down a tent, such as a teepee or tupek, often remaining in position after the tent has been removed.
Go to full entry >v. vote more than once in an election by impersonating other voters, usually ones who are dead, sick, late, or away from home.
Go to full entry >a room serving as a temporary headquarters of persons selling dubious or worthless stocks by telephone; bucket shop.
Go to full entry >one of a number of colonies established in the Northwest Territories (def. 1b) by persons subscribing to total abstinence.
Go to full entry >n. a rent-paying resident having the right to vote in municipal elections.
Go to full entry >direct the hooking up of logs for ground-lead or high-line skidding, usually a foreman's responsibility.
Go to full entry >a ring of stones used to hold down a tent, such as a teepee or tupek, often remaining in position after the tent has been removed.
Go to full entry >n. a town of tents and other temporary shelters such as one might find near a gold strike.
Go to full entry >Newfoundland, so called because it was the tenth province to join Confederation, doing so in 1949.
Go to full entry >a large grain eletor which serves as a storage bin at a trans-shipping point where carloads of grain are received from country elevators. [See picture at elevator.]
Go to full entry >n. (usually plural) one of the vast, sparsely populated regions which are part of Canada but lack the status of provinces, being administered by the federal government through a council, a term used in the last century of the extensive lands between Ontario and British Columbia, but especially of the prairies during the settlement period, and nowadays of the Yukon Territory and the Northwest Territories (def. 2b).
Go to full entry >a variety of bison, Bison bison athabascae, found in lightly wooded regions of northern Alberta and the Mackenzie District.
Go to full entry >a slender, twisted plug of tobacco once common in the old Northwest.
Go to full entry >n. a Social Credit member of the House of Commons supporting Robert Thompson, former leader of the non-Quebec wing of the party.
Go to full entry >a widely known vacation region between Brockville and Kingston in the St. Lawrence River.
Go to full entry >n. a kind of cooking stove manufactured at Three Rivers, Quebec, from local bog-iron.
Go to full entry >one of the principal pieces, the other being the neck log of a type of trap, or deadfall (def. 1), made of logs.
Go to full entry >a statement read at the opening of a session of Parliament by the Governor General, or at the opening of a provincial legislature (or, formerly, a colonial legislative council) by the Lieutenant-Governor, as representative of the Crown, reviewing the state of affairs and summarizing the legislation proposed for the session by the Cabinet.
Go to full entry >n. in clearing land, a parcel of one acre assigned to a crew of four choppers and a teamster, their responsibility being to log (def. 1) that area in a day.
Go to full entry >v. lift a canoe from the ground, over the head, and onto the shoulders for portaging.
Go to full entry >n. a small island, especially one having a conical appearance with a tuft of trees in the centre; also a shoal of similar shape.
Go to full entry >1a n. a mythical bird which, according to the legends of many Indian peoples, created the thunder with its beating wings and the lightning with its flashing eyes.
Expand + | Go to full entry >among West Coast Indians, a highly ornamented blanket with contrasting color designs and totems outlined with numerous mother-of-pearl buttons.
Go to full entry >a member of the militia or reserve army, which usually parades one night a week.
Go to full entry >n. a widely distributed North American food fish, Coregonus sp., especially C. clupeaformis.
Go to full entry >1a n. a narrow strait between an island and the mainland or, sometimes, between two islands.
Expand + | Go to full entry >a line etched near the top of a glass for use in a beer parlor, intended to show the level to which the glass must legally be filled.
Go to full entry >a tall spruce, Picea sitchensis, found on the Pacific slope in British Columbia.
Go to full entry >n. a thin, rectangular board to which a moss bag is fastened and in which infants are carried.
Go to full entry >any of various types of wagon used by settlers in the westward migration of the nineteenth century.
Go to full entry >an agent appointed by the federal government to regulate the use of timber on government land.
Go to full entry >a large-scale operator in lumbering (def. 2), especially in logging (def. 2).
Go to full entry >a tract of forested land the bounds of which have been established by the government, which leases or sells the rights to fell and remove timber.
Go to full entry >an artificial sluiceway down which logs or cribs may be directed to avoid rapids, falls, or other obstructions in a river.
Go to full entry >a tract of forested land the bounds of which have been established by the government, which leases or sells the rights to fell and remove timber.
Go to full entry >a tract of forested land the bounds of which have been established by the government, which leases or sells the rights to fell and remove timber.
Go to full entry >one of a number of coves on the St. Lawrence River, near Quebec, where square timbers, staves, spars, etc. for export were stored in booms for trans-shipping after being rafted down from the lumber camps.
Go to full entry >in the Ottawa Valley especially, one of the small units or assemblages of logs that, in groups of 25 or 30, formed a raft of timber, used in driving from the camps to the mills or shipping points.
Go to full entry >n. a specific collection of logs being floated downstream at high water from the timber limits to a mill or shipping point.
Go to full entry >a tax or royalty paid to the government on each tree taken out of a timber berth.
Go to full entry >n. a massing together of logs, as in a river drive, as a result of some obstruction to their forward progress.
Go to full entry >a large-scale operator in lumbering (def. 2), especially in logging (def. 2).
Go to full entry >a licence permitting one to cut timber on a timber limit, on payment of certain dues to the government.
Go to full entry >1a n. a tract of forested land the bounds of which have been established by the government, which leases or sells the rights to fell and remove timber.
Expand + | Go to full entry >1 n. on a mountain, the line beyond which trees do not grow.
Expand + | Go to full entry >n. a number of pieces of timber pinned, bound, or otherwise kept together to facilitate transport by water; or, a large assemblage of square timbers, spars, etc. arranged in any of several ways according to the conditions of the waterways used. [See picture at raft ((n.)).]
Go to full entry >n. a tract of land littered with debris following logging operations.
Go to full entry >an artificial sluiceway down which logs or cribs may be directed to avoid rapids, falls, or other obstructions in a river.
Go to full entry >n. a tax or royalty paid to the government on each tree taken out of a timber berth.
Go to full entry >a large, usually gray, wolf, Canis lupus occidentalis, found in the northern forest.
Go to full entry >n. a survey of a tract of forest to determine the quality and quantity of timber on it.
Go to full entry >n. one of a number of coves on the St. Lawrence River, near Quebec, where square timbers, staves, spars, etc. for export were stored in booms for trans-shipping after being rafted down from the lumber camps.
Go to full entry >n. one of a number of coves on the St. Lawrence River, near Quebec, where square timbers, staves, spars, etc. for export were stored in booms for trans-shipping after being rafted down from the lumber camps.
Go to full entry >a social gathering at which there are demonstrations and competitions in birling, chopping, sawing, and other logging skills.
Go to full entry >a player whose task is to keep the opposition from scoring while his team is short-handed as a result of one or more penalties, by keeping control of the puck, checking opposition players closely, etc.
Go to full entry >heavy work pants of canvas soaked with a waterproofing solution, as of paraffin wax, formerly much worn by loggers.
Go to full entry >n. a kind of wooden pail in which butter was packed and carried; a butter tub.
Go to full entry >n. in ice-fishing, a device for supporting a line and indicating when a fish is hooked, as a pole balanced on a fulcrum so that one end, which often has a flag attached, is raised upright when a fish pulls on the line. [See picture at tip-up.]
Go to full entry >n. a widely distributed North American food fish, Coregonus sp., especially C. clupeaformis.
Go to full entry >n. a narrow strait between an island and the mainland or, sometimes, between two islands.
Go to full entry >n. in the North and Northwest, a light tobogganlike dog sled into which a single passenger or a load is laced securely, the dog-driver following behind. [See picture at cariole ((n.)) (def. 2a).]
Go to full entry >a sheet of canvas or tarpaulin used to cover up the load on a dog-sled.
Go to full entry >n. See toboggan ((n.)) (def. 1) 1820 quote. [See picture at toboggan ((n.)).]
Go to full entry >a sheet of canvas or tarpaulin used to cover up the load on a dog-sled.
Go to full entry >n. in the North and Northwest, a light tobogganlike dog sled into which a single passenger or a load is laced securely, the dog-driver following behind. [See picture at cariole ((n.)) (def. 2a).]
Go to full entry >a hill used for tobogganing, especially one provided with artificial slides.
Go to full entry >n. a social affair where the people present engage in tobogganing.
Go to full entry >an artificial runway built on a hill for the use of tobogganists.
Go to full entry >n. the open space somewhat forward of the central point of a snowshoe, necessary for the tipping action of the snowshoer's foot when walking or running.
Go to full entry >1 n. on a dog harness, a kind of button or fastener, such as a piece of bone, attached to the end of an individual dog line so that it can be passed through a ring when the dog is being hitched to the main line of a fan hitch, for example.
Expand + | Go to full entry >n. a calf-length greatcoat of skins, usually beaver, worn by Indians and traders in the Hudson Bay country. Also spelled tockey and toggey.
Go to full entry >n. a small wolf, Canis latrans, usually associated with the prairies but found across Canada, mainly in the region south of the range of the larger timber wolf.
Go to full entry >n. North American char, Cristivomer namaycush, having important commercial value.
Go to full entry >the area at the entry to a toll road, or bridge where the tolls are collected.
Go to full entry >n. a kind of cradle operated by one man and used to wash gold from gravel.
Go to full entry >1 n. originally, a light Indian war-club (casse-tête); in later use, a light hatchet often used as a weapon.
Expand + | Go to full entry >1 n. a small food fish, Microgadus tomcod, of the St. Lawrence River and adjacent waters.
Expand + | Go to full entry >1 n. a word used by the Eskimo to indicate "a people earlier than themselves," possibly either Dorset or Thule culture Eskimos.
Expand + | Go to full entry >a species of grass, Ctenium aromaticum, having an aromatic flavor and formerly used as a remedy for toothache.
Go to full entry >1 n. a long knitted bonnet of wool, resembling a stocking tied at the foot end, often tasselled and made in more than one color, associated with French Canada through the voyageurs, woodsmen, etc.
Expand + | Go to full entry >a simple, inexpensive couch which could be opened out into a double bed.
Go to full entry >1 adj. of or having to do with the Tories (def. 2) of colonial times.
Expand + | Go to full entry >1 n. a supporter of the British Crown during the American Revolution.
Expand + | Go to full entry >1 n. in colonial times, the political influence of the Tories (def. 2) and all they stood for.
Expand + | Go to full entry >n. a kind of trap in which a pole is fixed on a fulcrum, a weight being placed on one end and on the other a snare by which a trapped animal is hoisted into the air.
Go to full entry >1a n. among certain Indian peoples, a spirit in the form of a creature or plant with which a group, such as a family, and its members are identified, and which is supposed to watch over each of them.
Expand + | Go to full entry >among West Coast Indians: the symbol of a social group such as a clan or phratry.
Go to full entry >among certain West Coast Indian tribes, a pole, often a standing tree trunk, which has been carved and painted with the family crests, personal exploits, etc. of the owner.
Go to full entry >among certain West Coast Indian tribes, a pole, often a standing tree trunk, which has been carved and painted with the family crests, personal exploits, etc. of the owner.
Go to full entry >n. a play in which the team receiving a punt behind its own goal line is unable or unwilling to carry the ball back into the field of play, thus conceding a point to the opposition.
Go to full entry >n. a major score, currently valued at six points, achieved when the ball is downed by a player of one team behind the goal-line of the opposing team; also, the act of scoring in this way.
Go to full entry >n. a North American char, Cristivomer namaycush, having important commercial value. Various older spellings.
Go to full entry >n. a high tower from which a member of the forestry service watches for forest fires.
Go to full entry >in Upper Canada, a public meeting held annually by citizens of a township to appoint officers and decide on affairs concerning the township (discontinued in 1849 after the passing of the Municipal Act).
Go to full entry >n. in Ontario and the western provinces, the chairman of a village, township, or municipal-district council, an elective office except in Alberta.
Go to full entry >1a n. an early land division of approximately six square miles.
Expand + | Go to full entry >the body of elected officers who are responsible for the administration of a township.
Go to full entry >in Upper Canada, a public meeting held annually by citizens of a township to appoint officers and decide on affairs concerning the township (discontinued in 1849 after the passing of the Municipal Act).
Go to full entry >in Ontario and the western provinces, the chairman of a village, township, or municipal-district council, an elective office except in Alberta.
Go to full entry >n. pl. eleven Quebec townships lying south of the St. Lawrence River and east of the Richelieu River, an area settled in large part by Loyalists and other American immigrants but now populated largely by French-speaking Canadians.
Go to full entry >1 v. draw or lead a canoe, boat, scow, etc. through rapids, shallows, or other difficult stretches of water by means of a line or lines running from the craft to a man, or men, on the bank or shore.
Expand + | Go to full entry >a small motorized vehicle used by railway employees for line maintenance.
Go to full entry >a small motorized vehicle used by railway employees for line maintenance.
Go to full entry >n. a man on snowshoes who runs ahead of a dog team making a passable track in new or deep snow.
Go to full entry >n. moving ahead of a dogsled on snowshoes to make a passable track for the team.
Go to full entry >n. a man on snowshoes who runs ahead of a dog team making a passable track in new or deep snow.
Go to full entry >1 n. a heavy rope used for dragging or hauling sleds, boats, etc.
Expand + | Go to full entry >1 a river bank along which trackers walk when hauling a canoe, boat, etc.
Expand + | Go to full entry >a special type of heavy moccasin or beef shoe issued by the Hudson's Bay Company to its boatmen for use in tracking (def. 1) over rough or wet ground.
Go to full entry >a river bank along which trackers walk when hauling a canoe, boat, etc.
Go to full entry >v. draw or lead a canoe, boat, scow, etc. through rapids, shallows, or other difficult stretches of water by means of a line or lines running from the craft to a man, or men, on the bank or shore.
Go to full entry >n. a tractor-drawn train of sleds and cabooses (def. 5), the principal means of transporting freight, supplies, etc. in the Canadian North in winter.
Go to full entry >any enclosed structure on bobs or runners functioning as part of a cat-train, whether for the crew or for perishable freight.
Go to full entry >n. a tractor-drawn train of sleds and cabooses (def. 5), the principal means of transporting freight, supplies, etc. in the Canadian North in winter.
Go to full entry >n. a tractor-drawn train of sleds and cabooses (def. 5), the principal means of transporting freight, supplies, etc. in the Canadian North in winter.
Go to full entry >1a n. a quantity of furs to be offered in return for goods or credit.
Expand + | Go to full entry >the guns, ammunition, tobacco, blankets, etc. that the fur traders carried in stock to exchange for furs.
Go to full entry >a type of muzzle-loader prominent among the trading goods of the fur companies.
Go to full entry >n. a relatively simple trade language used by the Indians of the Pacific Coast in their dealings with whites and Indians of other tribes, based on the language of the Chinook Indians; words from Nootka, Salish, French, English, and other languages were adapted to the jargon.
Go to full entry >the room in a trading post (def. 1) where the actual bartering takes place.
Go to full entry >the room in a trading post (def. 1) where the actual bartering takes place.
Go to full entry >one of the coins or tokens constituting beaver currency. [See picture at beaver.]
Go to full entry >brandy, rum, whisky, or high wines (often diluted and sometimes spiced with pepper, Tabasco, tobacco, or weak acids) traded to the Indians.
Go to full entry >a permit issued to an applicant wishing to establish a trading post (def. 1). and who undertakes to meet certain stipulated conditions.
Go to full entry >an industrious leader of a band of Indian hunters, rewarded with coat, tall hat, trousers, and flag, as symbols of headship.
Go to full entry >a gaudy garment or outfit of clothing presented to an Indian leader or "captain" (def. 2) as an inducement to trade furs.
Go to full entry >the guns, ammunition, tobacco, blankets, etc. that the fur traders carried in stock to exchange for furs.
Go to full entry >a type of muzzle-loader prominent among the trading goods of the fur companies.
Go to full entry >a building or a group of buildings serving as a trading centre for a fur company in a certain region.
Go to full entry >the annual shipment of trading goods and supplies sent by a fur company to its trading posts collectively; also, any part of this shipment dispatched to or received by any particular post.
Go to full entry >1 a building or a group of buildings serving as a trading centre for a fur company in a certain region.
Expand + | Go to full entry >the room in a trading post (def. 1) where the actual bartering takes place.
Go to full entry >brandy, rum, whisky, or high wines (often diluted and sometimes spiced with pepper, Tabasco, tobacco, or weak acids) traded to the Indians.
Go to full entry >the room in a trading post (def. 1) where the actual bartering takes place.
Go to full entry >a building or a group of buildings serving as a trading centre for a fur company in a certain region.
Go to full entry >1 the room in a trading post (def. 1) where the actual bartering takes place.
Expand + | Go to full entry >a light, short-handled axe, or hatchet, carried by persons on the trail, used for cutting away underbrush, chopping wood for fires, etc.
Go to full entry >n. a white mark made in a tree, usually by chopping off a slice of bark, to indicate a trail or survey line in a forest.
Go to full entry >n. a prospector, especially an experienced one who spends a lot of time in the wilderness.
Go to full entry >any of several long, hard trails to the Yukon, followed by stampeders during the gold rush of 1898-99.
Go to full entry >a trip through the mountains on horse-back, taken by a party of tourists, campers, etc., led by experienced trailmen.
Go to full entry >1 n. a man on snowshoes who runs ahead of a dog team making a passable track in new or deep snow.
Expand + | Go to full entry >n. moving ahead of a dogsled on snowshoes to make a passable track for the team.
Go to full entry >n. a sturdy two-wheeled cart constructed entirely of wood, the parts being fixed by wooden pins and lashed with shaganappi (def. 1); the wheels were some five feet in diameter and about three inches broad at the rim; the axle carried a simple box equipped with a railing for carrying the load, about 1,000 pounds. As a rule, the carts travelled in trains or brigades and the ungreased wheels gave forth ear-piercing shrieks and squeals which could be heard for miles across the prairie. [See picture at Red River cart.]
Go to full entry >n. a horse adept in making his way along tortuous, rocky trails in the mountains.
Go to full entry >1 n. a man knowledgeable about life on the trail in wild country.
Expand + | Go to full entry >1 n. a person who cuts or breaks a trail through the bush.
Expand + | Go to full entry >n. a low runnerless sled used in early Quebec for hauling goods to market and for similar purposes. Also spelled traine.
Go to full entry >1a n. in the North and Northwest, a light tobogganlike dog sled into which a single passenger or a load is laced securely, the dog-driver following behind. Also spelled traine.
Expand + | Go to full entry >1a n. a number of dog-teams and sleds forming a brigade that moves in single file.
Expand + | Go to full entry >a winter road (def. 2a) kept open for sleighs hauling freight, logs, etc.
Go to full entry >n. in a dog team, the dog, sometimes a female, who leads the team, setting the pace and carrying out the driver's commands.
Go to full entry >1 n. a low runnerless sled used in early Quebec for hauling goods to market and for similar purposes.
Expand + | Go to full entry >n. the joint federal-provincial highway (and alternate routes) extending from St. John's, Nfld, to Victoria, B.C.
Go to full entry >the joint federal-provincial highway (and alternate routes) extending from St. John's, Nfld, to Victoria, B.C.
Go to full entry >v. an area marked off by a trap fisherman, and claimed for his own use.
Go to full entry >n. a small structure usually built against a tree trunk or bank and used for housing bait, a trap for small animals being set inside the entrance.
Go to full entry >n. a series of traps set and maintained by a trapper who periodically runs the line, removing the trapped animals and resetting the traps.
Go to full entry >n. a boat, 25 to 35 feet long, having low sides and capable of carrying a cod-trap.
Go to full entry >1 n. a series of traps set and maintained by a trapper who periodically runs the line, removing the trapped animals and resetting the traps.
Expand + | Go to full entry >a method of harnessing sled-dogs in single file, used in country where there are obstructions, as in the bush. [See picture at tandem hitch.]
Go to full entry >the route or trail followed by a trapper maintaining his series of traps.
Go to full entry >a series of traps set and maintained by a trapper who periodically runs the line, removing the trapped animals and resetting the traps.
Go to full entry >n. a boat, 25 to 35 feet long, having low sides and capable of carrying a cod-trap.
Go to full entry >1 n. a large, wheel-less conveyance drawn by a horse or pony, the shafts often being teepee poles. [See picture at travois.]
Expand + | Go to full entry >in a fire district, any area entry to which requires, at certain times of the year, a travel permit, this restriction being intended to reduce the risk of forest fires.
Go to full entry >slotted goggles of wood, bone, ivory, etc., worn as protection against snowblindness, especially by Eskimos. [See picture at snow goggles.]
Go to full entry >1a n. an open stretch of water, as a widening in a river or a course across a lake, where canoes or boats are required to leave the shelter of the shoreline.
Expand + | Go to full entry >n. a log used as one of the crosspieces of the framework of a crib, dram, or other raft.
Go to full entry >1 n. a simple wheel-less conveyance originally used by the Indians and made of two poles on which was a platform or net for holding a load, the contrivance being pulled by a dog. [See picture.]
Expand + | Go to full entry >a pole, usually a teepee pole, used as one of the shafts of a travois (def. 2).
Go to full entry >n. a syrup made from the sap of certain maple trees, especially the sugar maple.
Go to full entry >in Alberta, a banking office, in effect, a savings bank, chartered by the provincial government.
Go to full entry >1a n. one of a number of official agreements between the federal government and certain Indian bands whereby the Indians forego their right to certain lands, except for stipulated reserves, and accept treaty money, a supply of rations, and other kinds of government assistance, including protection and supervision.
Expand + | Go to full entry >the annual cash payment (usually $5.00) received by Indians whose names are entered in the Indian Register.
Go to full entry >a resplendent coat given to certain Indian chiefs at the original taking of treaty (def. la).
Go to full entry >an official of the Dominion government who was empowered to establish treaty (def. la) with the Indians.
Go to full entry >the day on which treaty (def. la) was originally taken out by a group of Indians; nowadays, any day on which treaty money is paid.
Go to full entry >one of the administrative districts into which the Northwest was divided to facilitate the arranging of treaties (def. la).
Go to full entry >an Indian who is in receipt of treaty money or who adheres to a treaty (def. la).
Go to full entry >land settlements accepted in lieu of treaty money by Indians electing to do so.
Go to full entry >the record kept by the Indian Affairs Branch of the federal government for all Indians in receipt of treaty money, or equivalent payment.
Go to full entry >a medal presented to band chiefs and councillors on the occasion of a treaty (def. 1a) being entered into.
Go to full entry >the annual cash payment (usually $5.00) received by Indians whose names are entered in the Indian Register.
Go to full entry >1 the party representing the government on the occasion of treaty payments (def. 1), usually comprising a government agent, a doctor, and a member of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police.
Expand + | Go to full entry >a stated place where a treaty commissioner had agreed to meet Indians who wished to take treaty.
Go to full entry >the rights guaranteed to Indians in their treaties (def. la) with the federal government.
Go to full entry >the record kept by the Indian Affairs Branch of the federal government for all Indians in receipt of treaty money, or equivalent payment.
Go to full entry >that part of the Newfoundland coast, since 1783 from Cape St. John northward on the east and the entire west coast down to Cape Ray, where by the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 the French were granted fishery and shore-drying rights, an arrangement that lasted until 1904.
Go to full entry >tobacco distributed to Indians as part of the supplies accompanying treaty payment.
Go to full entry >a journey taken by a treaty party (def. 1) in making annual treaty payments.
Go to full entry >a tract of forested land the bounds of which have been established by the government, which leases or sells the rights to fell and remove timber.
Go to full entry >n. the line north of which trees do not grow; the line where the Barrens begin.
Go to full entry >n. a tree (or scaffold) used as a resting place for the dead, especially among the Prairie and West Coast Indians.
Go to full entry >n. an ice-cutting tool. Also spelled tranch. [See picture at ice-chisel.]
Go to full entry >n. a method of trapping beaver by means of a trench cut across a frozen river with a long ice-chisel, a row of stakes being driven through the trench to prevent the escape of the beaver while the beaver house is opened from the top, the various escape hatches also being closed by stakes.
Go to full entry >the dry belt of southern Saskatchewan and Alberta, also known as Palliser's Triangle.
Go to full entry >n. any of several trilliums having a flower resembling a lily, especially Trillium grandiflorum, the floral emblem of Ontario.
Go to full entry >n. an edible lichen of the genus, Umbilicaria (or, less often, the genus Gyrophora), having circular, leathery, grayto-brownish thalli found attached to certain rocks by a threadlike holdfast.
Go to full entry >an edible lichen of the genus, Umbilicaria (or, less often, the genus Gyrophora), having circular, leathery, grayto-brownish thalli found attached to certain rocks by a threadlike holdfast.
Go to full entry >n. a man other than a permanent employee, taken on for single trip with a brigade (def. 1).
Go to full entry >1 n. a man other than a permanent employee, taken on for single trip with a brigade (def. 1).
Expand + | Go to full entry >1 n. a trading trip for furs; trade carried on at an Indian camp away from the post.
Expand + | Go to full entry >adj. designating all three branches of the Canadian Forces--navy, army, and air force.
Go to full entry >a tea-party at which a bride shows off her trousseau to her friends and accepts gifts for adding to it.
Go to full entry >a credit system under which a fisherman, logger, trapper, etc. gets his outfit and supplies for the season as an advance and is committed to trade only with the merchant extending the credit, all or most dealings being in kind.
Go to full entry >an access road (def. 1), so called because smaller forest trails branch from it.
Go to full entry >an access road (def. 1), so called because smaller forest trails branch from it.
Go to full entry >n. credit extended to hunters and trappers in the form of supplies to be paid for out of the coming year's catch.
Go to full entry >1 n. any of several species of North American reindeer, genus Rangifer, native to Canada, Alaska, and formerly to Maine and Mass.
Expand + | Go to full entry >n. a plant, as Amaranthus graecizans, whose upper part breaks off from the root in autumn and is driven about by the wind.
Go to full entry >n. a kind of harness for carrying heavy loads, drawing on a tracking line, etc., consisting of a leather strap that is broad at the middle and tapers at both ends, the broad band being placed around the forehead (or chest) and the two ends attached to the pack or other load. [See picture at tumpline.]
Go to full entry >n. a kind of harness for carrying heavy loads, drawing on a tracking line, etc., consisting of a leather strap that is broad at the middle and tapers at both ends, the broad band being placed around the forehead (or chest) and the two ends attached to the pack or other load. [See picture at tumpline.]
Go to full entry >n. a kind of harness for carrying heavy loads, drawing on a tracking line, etc., consisting of a leather strap that is broad at the middle and tapers at both ends, the broad band being placed around the forehead (or chest) and the two ends attached to the pack or other load. [See picture at tumpline.]
Go to full entry >any of several species of North American reindeer, genus Rangifer, native to Canada, Alaska, and formerly to Maine and Mass.
Go to full entry >n. a word used by the Eskimo to indicate "a people earlier than themselves," possibly either Dorset or Thule culture Eskimos.
Go to full entry >a ring of stones used to hold down a tent, such as a teepee or tupek, often remaining in position after the tent has been removed.
Go to full entry >1 n. a long knitted bonnet of wool, resembling a stocking tied at the foot end, often tasselled and made in more than one color, associated with French Canada through the voyageurs, woodsmen, etc. [See picture]
Expand + | Go to full entry >n. a large grey seal, Phoca groenlandica, so called because of the harp-shaped markings on its back.
Go to full entry >n. the time in spring when cattle are turned out to forage for themselves.
Go to full entry >a silver coin (valued at twenty cents) of which 750,000 only were minted in the Canadas, the series being discontinued in 1858.
Go to full entry >n. either the greater yellowlegs, Totanus melanoleucus, or the lesser yellowlegs, T. flavipes.
Go to full entry >n. a trailing evergreen shrub, Mitchella repens, having roundish leaves and white blossoms.
Go to full entry >n. a plant, Linnaea borealis, whose sweet-smelling flowers are in pairs.
Go to full entry >n. tobacco prepared in twisted ropes, prominent among the trade goods of the fur companies.
Go to full entry >v. place tobacco into a small rectangle of paper and make a cigarette by rolling the paper round the tobacco with a deft motion of the fingers and thumbs.
Go to full entry >n. a kind of doughnut made by folding a six-inch roll of dough in half and twining the two halves around each other.
Go to full entry >n. a kind of set (def. 1) that consists of a resilient sapling having a snare or trap attached to the top and being bent over so that when the trap is sprung, the caught animal is hoisted in the air.
Go to full entry >from 1791 to 1841, Upper Canada and Lower Canada; also, after 1841, Canada West and Canada East, although technically one province.
Go to full entry >the minimum prospect (about two cents per pan) considered worth working.
Go to full entry >a riding (def. 2) represented by two members of Parliament or of the legislative assembly.
Go to full entry >n. a small two-masted fishing schooner, sometimes equipped with outriggers.
Go to full entry >in hockey, lacrosse, etc. a player who is effective both on offence and defence.
Go to full entry >a Chinook salmon, especially one over a specified weight. See tyee (def. 3) 1958 quote.
Go to full entry >a Chinook salmon, especially one over a specified weight. See tyee (def. 3) 1958 quote.
Go to full entry >a kind of blue-gray limestone quarried near Garson, Manitoba and famous as a building stone for ornamental purposes since production began in 1896.
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