Browse Entries: T

there are 590 entries under the letter T

T to T Club

See quote.

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T.O.

n. Toronto, Ontario.

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tabac

n. a strong, dark homegrown tobacco smoked by many French Canadians.

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tabanask

n. in the North and Northwest, a light tobogganlike dog sled into which a single passenger or a load is laced securely, the dog-driver following behind. [See picture at cariole.]

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Tadoussac Trade

n. a vast tract of land lying north of the Lower St. Lawrence and originally belonging to the French kings, who leased the trading rights to traders, a practice taken over by the British government after 1760.

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taffy

1 n. maple-syrup candy, often made by pouring the syrup over the snow so that it hardens in brittle sheets.

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taffy social

a social affair at which taffy is made from maple syrup or other syrups, as sugar-molasses.

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taffy-on-a-stick

n. romantic nonsense.

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taffy-pull

1 n. a social affair at which taffy is made from maple syrup or other syrups, as sugar-molasses.

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Tahltan (bear) dog

a breed of small dog weighing 15 to 20 pounds and piebald in black and white or brown, found among the Indians of northern British Columbia, the Yukon, and the Mackenzie country.

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taiga

n. See quotes.

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tail (a trap)

v. See 1941 quote.

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tail-buoy

n. one of the floats attached to the far end of a herring net.

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tail-less hare

a small mammal of the genus Ochotona, found in the western mountain region.

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tail-line

n. a strong leather line attached to 773 the rear of a dog-sled, permitting the driver to pull back on the sled when going downhill and enabling him, when the line is allowed to drag behind the sled, to retrieve the outfit should the dogs bolt or should his grip on the sled be dislodged.

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tail-rope

n. a strong leather line attached to 773 the rear of a dog-sled, permitting the driver to pull back on the sled when going downhill and enabling him, when the line is allowed to drag behind the sled, to retrieve the outfit should the dogs bolt or should his grip on the sled be dislodged.

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tail-sweep

n. a long oar for steering a scow, much used on the rivers of the Northwest at the turn of the century.

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tailor-made ((adj.))

adj. of cigarettes, made in a factory.

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tailor-made ((n.))

n. a cigarette that is made in a factory, as opposed to one that a smoker rolls for himself.

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take

v. of a body of water, freeze solidly from shore to shore.

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take off the cauldron

in Indian parlance, make peace.

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take to the bush

n. make oneself scarce; leave town.

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talik

n. See quote.

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talk (to) seal

stalk a seal by creeping up on it while making seal-like noises.

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talk muskrat

discuss the fur trade.

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talk musquash

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talkie-tooter

n. See quote.

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Tallow Company

n. an unsuccessful joint-stock cattle company formed in the early 1830's at the Red River Settlement for the purpose of raising range cattle on the prairie.

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tamanawous

n. an Indian magician or shaman who practises healing by means of charms and the exorcism of evil spirits or by practical remedies such as administering herbs and sweat baths.

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tamarac(k) 'er down

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tamarac(k) ((v.))

v. tamarac(k) 'er down, dance with great gusto.

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tamarack ((n.))

1 n. the larch, especially Larix laricina.

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tamarack muskeg

a low-lying wet tract where tamarack flourish.

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tamarack swamp

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tandem

1 n. a two-seater pleasure sleigh pulled by two horses hitched in single file.

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tandem hitch

a method of harnessing sled-dogs in single file, used in country where there are obstructions, as in the bush. [See picture at tandem hitch.]

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tandem sleigh

a two-seater pleasure sleigh pulled by two horses hitched in single file.

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tanky

n. the man in charge of the steam engine and team in a steam-threshing crew.

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tanley

n. See quote.

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tapis

n. a blanket worn by sled-dogs.

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tar sands

an extensive sand formation along the Athabasca River impregnated with petroleum oil and tar.

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Taskatoohawin

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taureau

1 n. a strong bag made of buffalo rawhide sewn hair side out, used as a container for 90 pounds of pemmican (def. 1).

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tax-sharing agreement

n. See equalization 1964 quote.

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tea bross

See quote.

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tea plant

either of two closely related evergreen shrubs, Ledum groenlandicum and L. decumbens var. palustre.

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tea revel

a social gathering held by Indians, so called because in the early days the Hudson's Bay Company contributed tea, bannock, etc., the dance itself being a kind of single-file stomp done to the beat of skin drums.

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tea wheat

See 1832 quote.

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tea-bag

n. a bag for carrying provisions; a grub-bag.

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tea-dance ((n.))

n. a social gathering held by Indians, so called because in the early days the Hudson's Bay Company contributed tea, bannock, etc., the dance itself being a kind of single-file stomp done to the beat of skin drums.

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tea-dance ((v.))

v. take part in a tea-dance.

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tea-fee

n. a person's share of tea from a communal container.

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teaberry

n. See wintergreen.

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team-boat 

1 n. a boat propelled by horses working a treadmill that drove the paddle-wheel(s).

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teamster

1 n. It a driver of a team of horses or other draft animals.

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teepee 

n. a conical tent in which poles spread at the ground and joined at the top are covered with buffalo hide (originally), canvas, etc., used primarily by the Plains Indians.

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teepee pole

one of the poles used in making the framework of a teepee.

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teepee ring

a ring of stones used to hold down a tent, such as a teepee or tupek, often remaining in position after the tent has been removed.

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telegraph

v. vote more than once in an election by impersonating other voters, usually ones who are dead, sick, late, or away from home.

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telegraphed

adj. of votes, cast illegally by impersonation.

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telegrapher

n. a person who telegraphs.

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telegraphing

n. See 1960 quote.

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telephone room

a room serving as a temporary headquarters of persons selling dubious or worthless stocks by telephone; bucket shop.

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temperance beer

non-alcoholic beer or, sometimes, near beer.

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temperance colony

one of a number of colonies established in the Northwest Territories (def. 1b) by persons subscribing to total abstinence.

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tenant-elector

n. a rent-paying resident having the right to vote in municipal elections.

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tenas ((adj.))

adj. small; little.

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tenas ((n.))

n. See straw-line quotes.

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tenas-man

n. a youth; boy.

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tend hook

direct the hooking up of logs for ground-lead or high-line skidding, usually a foreman's responsibility.

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tenderfoot 

n. -foots or -feet. a newcomer; greenhorn; tenderfoot.

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tent

1 n. See 1932 quote.

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tent peg

See quote.

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tent ring

a ring of stones used to hold down a tent, such as a teepee or tupek, often remaining in position after the tent has been removed.

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tent-town

n. a town of tents and other temporary shelters such as one might find near a gold strike.

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Tenth Province

Newfoundland, so called because it was the tenth province to join Confederation, doing so in 1949.

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tepee ((2))((adj.))

adj. strong smelling; rotten.

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tepee ((n.))

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terminal

1 n. a final examination.

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terminal elevator

a large grain eletor which serves as a storage bin at a trans-shipping point where carloads of grain are received from country elevators. [See picture at elevator.]

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tern schooner

a three-masted schooner, often used for fishing in former times.

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Terra Nova

Newfoundland.

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Terre Neuve

Newfoundland.

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terrier

n. See bank beaver 1964 quote.

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territorial

adj. of or having to do with the territories.

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territory

n. (usually plural) one of the vast, sparsely populated regions which are part of Canada but lack the status of provinces, being administered by the federal government through a council, a term used in the last century of the extensive lands between Ontario and British Columbia, but especially of the prairies during the settlement period, and nowadays of the Yukon Territory and the Northwest Territories (def. 2b).

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thaw-up

n. the melting of the snow and the frozen ground in spring; spring thaw.

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Theiscatchiwan

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thickwood buffalo

a variety of bison, Bison bison athabascae, found in lightly wooded regions of northern Alberta and the Mackenzie District.

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thickwood country

heavily forested country.

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thickwood(s)

n. (usually plural) forest; heavy woods; big trees.

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thistle twist tobacco

a slender, twisted plug of tobacco once common in the old Northwest.

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thitabebee

n. the chickadee, genus Parus (or Penthestes).

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Thompsonite

n. a Social Credit member of the House of Commons supporting Robert Thompson, former leader of the non-Quebec wing of the party.

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Thor

n. See quote.

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Thousand Islands

a widely known vacation region between Brockville and Kingston in the St. Lawrence River.

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Three Rivers stove

n. a kind of cooking stove manufactured at Three Rivers, Quebec, from local bog-iron.

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three-dollar bill

1 a provincial bank-note worth three dollars.

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three-point blanket

n. a grade of point blanket.

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throat log

one of the principal pieces, the other being the neck log of a type of trap, or deadfall (def. 1), made of logs.

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throater

n. See 1950 quote.

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Throne Speech

a statement read at the opening of a session of Parliament by the Governor General, or at the opening of a provincial legislature (or, formerly, a colonial legislative council) by the Lieutenant-Governor, as representative of the Crown, reviewing the state of affairs and summarizing the legislation proposed for the session by the Cabinet.

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through

n. in clearing land, a parcel of one acre assigned to a crew of four choppers and a teamster, their responsibility being to log (def. 1) that area in a day.

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throw

v. lift a canoe from the ground, over the head, and onto the shoulders for portaging.

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throw a diamond hitch

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throw ice

See quote.

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throw the hatchet to the sky

in Indian parlance, wage total war.

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thrum-cap

n. a small island, especially one having a conical appearance with a tuft of trees in the centre; also a shoal of similar shape.

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thunder-stick

n. in Indian parlance, a pistol, musket, rifle, etc.

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thunderbird

1a n. a mythical bird which, according to the legends of many Indian peoples, created the thunder with its beating wings and the lightning with its flashing eyes.

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thunderbird cape

among West Coast Indians, a highly ornamented blanket with contrasting color designs and totems outlined with numerous mother-of-pearl buttons.

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Thursday-night soldier

a member of the militia or reserve army, which usually parades one night a week.

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tickameg

n. a widely distributed North American food fish, Coregonus sp., especially C. clupeaformis.

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ticket (of location)

n. See location ticket 1822 quote.

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tickle

1a n. a narrow strait between an island and the mainland or, sometimes, between two islands.

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tickle-ace

n. the kittiwake, Rissa tridactyla.

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tide line

a line etched near the top of a glass for use in a beer parlor, intended to show the level to which the glass must legally be filled.

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tideland spruce 

a tall spruce, Picea sitchensis, found on the Pacific slope in British Columbia.

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tie

n. a wooden beam used as a transverse support for a railway track.

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tie-camp

n. a camp for the cutting and shaping of ties.

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tie-pass

n. a trip on foot along a railway track.

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tiger 

n. a wild cat, especially the cougar.

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tiger cat

n. a wild cat, especially the cougar.

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tiger trout

See quote.

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tigers of the plains

the Blackfoot or, sometimes, the Sioux.

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tikinagan

n. a thin, rectangular board to which a moss bag is fastened and in which infants are carried.

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tillicum

1 n. (one's) people.

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tillicum money

bonus money; gratuity; buckshee money.

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tilt

1a n. a temporary shelter of canvas, sealskins, etc.; tent.

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tilt-back

n. See quote.

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tilted wagon

any of various types of wagon used by settlers in the westward migration of the nineteenth century.

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tima

n. an Eskimo greeting.

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timber ((interj.))

interj. See 1912 quote.

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timber ((n.))

n. See 1945 quote.

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timber agency

the jurisdiction of a timber agent.

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timber agent

an agent appointed by the federal government to regulate the use of timber on government land.

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timber baron

a large-scale operator in lumbering (def. 2), especially in logging (def. 2).

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timber berth

a tract of forested land the bounds of which have been established by the government, which leases or sells the rights to fell and remove timber.

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timber butcher

a careless or unscrupulous logging company.

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timber chute

an artificial sluiceway down which logs or cribs may be directed to avoid rapids, falls, or other obstructions in a river.

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timber claim

a tract of forested land the bounds of which have been established by the government, which leases or sells the rights to fell and remove timber.

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timber concession

a tract of forested land the bounds of which have been established by the government, which leases or sells the rights to fell and remove timber.

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timber cove

one of a number of coves on the St. Lawrence River, near Quebec, where square timbers, staves, spars, etc. for export were stored in booms for trans-shipping after being rafted down from the lumber camps.

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timber crib

in the Ottawa Valley especially, one of the small units or assemblages of logs that, in groups of 25 or 30, formed a raft of timber, used in driving from the camps to the mills or shipping points.

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timber drive

n. a specific collection of logs being floated downstream at high water from the timber limits to a mill or shipping point.

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timber dues

a tax or royalty paid to the government on each tree taken out of a timber berth.

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timber fever

a feverish desire or drive to be successful in lumbering.

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timber grove

a stand of timber.

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timber jam

n. a massing together of logs, as in a river drive, as a result of some obstruction to their forward progress.

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timber king

a large-scale operator in lumbering (def. 2), especially in logging (def. 2).

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timber lease

a lease to cut logs and remove them from Crown lands.

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timber licence

a licence permitting one to cut timber on a timber limit, on payment of certain dues to the government.

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timber limit

1a n. a tract of forested land the bounds of which have been established by the government, which leases or sells the rights to fell and remove timber.

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timber line

1 n. on a mountain, the line beyond which trees do not grow.

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timber permit

See quote.

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timber pirate

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timber raft

n. a number of pieces of timber pinned, bound, or otherwise kept together to facilitate transport by water; or, a large assemblage of square timbers, spars, etc. arranged in any of several ways according to the conditions of the waterways used. [See picture at raft ((n.)).]

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timber rights

See quote.

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timber road

1 See quotes.

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timber shanty

a camp at which logging (def. 2) is carried on.

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timber ship

See quote.

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timber slash

n. a tract of land littered with debris following logging operations.

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timber slide

an artificial sluiceway down which logs or cribs may be directed to avoid rapids, falls, or other obstructions in a river.

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timber snye

such a side channel used as a route for rafts and cribs of timber.

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timber stick

a piece of square timber.

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timber tariff

n. a tax or royalty paid to the government on each tree taken out of a timber berth.

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timber thief

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timber wolf

a large, usually gray, wolf, Canis lupus occidentalis, found in the northern forest.

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timber-beast

n. a person whose occupation is logging.

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timber-boss

n. the foreman of a logging operation.

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timber-cruise

n. a survey of a tract of forest to determine the quality and quantity of timber on it.

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timber-cruiser

n. See cruiser (def. 1) 1942 quote.

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timber-cruising

n. the work of a cruiser (def. 1).

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timber-ground

n. one of a number of coves on the St. Lawrence River, near Quebec, where square timbers, staves, spars, etc. for export were stored in booms for trans-shipping after being rafted down from the lumber camps.

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timber-harvester

n. See quote.

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timber-harvesting

n. See quote.

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timber-hunting

n. the work of a cruiser (def. 1).

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timber-maker

n. a person whose occupation is logging.

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timber-spec

n. the risks of being in the lumbering business.

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timber-yard

n. one of a number of coves on the St. Lawrence River, near Quebec, where square timbers, staves, spars, etc. for export were stored in booms for trans-shipping after being rafted down from the lumber camps.

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timberfall

n. a tract of forest cluttered with dead and fallen trees.

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timberjack

n. a person whose occupation is logging.

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timberland festival

a social gathering at which there are demonstrations and competitions in birling, chopping, sawing, and other logging skills.

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timberman

n. an owner or manager of a company engaged in lumbering (def. 2).

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time

n. See 1963 quote.

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time killer

a player whose task is to keep the opposition from scoring while his team is short-handed as a result of one or more penalties, by keeping control of the puck, checking opposition players closely, etc.

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tin dog

See quote.

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tin pants

heavy work pants of canvas soaked with a waterproofing solution, as of paraffin wax, formerly much worn by loggers.

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tin-cow

n. See quotes.

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tinette

n. a kind of wooden pail in which butter was packed and carried; a butter tub.

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tinker

1 n. the razor-billed auk, Alca torda.

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tinker duck

n. the razor-billed auk, Alca torda.

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tip-up

n. in ice-fishing, a device for supporting a line and indicating when a fish is hooked, as a pole balanced on a fulcrum so that one end, which often has a flag attached, is raised upright when a fish pulls on the line. [See picture at tip-up.]

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titimeg

n. a widely distributed North American food fish, Coregonus sp., especially C. clupeaformis.

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tittle

n. a narrow strait between an island and the mainland or, sometimes, between two islands.

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tobaccomik

n. in Eskimo parlance, tobacco, especially snuff.

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toboggan ((n.))

1a n. See 1820 quote. [See picture at toboggan.]

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toboggan ((v.))

1 v. ride on a toboggan; engage in tobogganing.

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toboggan bag

a bag to hold the goods to be conveyed on a toboggan (def. 1).

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toboggan car(r)iole

n. in the North and Northwest, a light tobogganlike dog sled into which a single passenger or a load is laced securely, the dog-driver following behind. [See picture at cariole ((n.)) (def. 2a).]

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toboggan chute

an artificial runway built on a hill for the use of tobogganists.

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toboggan party

a social affair where the people present engage in tobogganing.

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toboggan sheet

a sheet of canvas or tarpaulin used to cover up the load on a dog-sled.

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toboggan sleigh

n. See toboggan ((n.)) (def. 1) 1820 quote. [See picture at toboggan ((n.)).]

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toboggan slide

an artificial runway built on a hill for the use of tobogganists.

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toboggan trail

a trail travelled by carioles (def. 2a).

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toboggan wrapper

a sheet of canvas or tarpaulin used to cover up the load on a dog-sled.

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toboggan-sled

n. in the North and Northwest, a light tobogganlike dog sled into which a single passenger or a load is laced securely, the dog-driver following behind. [See picture at cariole ((n.)) (def. 2a).]

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tobogganer

n. a person who engages in tobogganing.

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tobogganing

n. the pastime of sliding on a toboggan (def. 2).

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tobogganing hill

a hill used for tobogganing, especially one provided with artificial slides.

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tobogganing party

n. a social affair where the people present engage in tobogganing.

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tobogganing slide

an artificial runway built on a hill for the use of tobogganists.

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tobogganist

n. a person who engages in tobogganing.

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toe-hole

n. the open space somewhat forward of the central point of a snowshoe, necessary for the tipping action of the snowshoer's foot when walking or running.

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tog

n. a valuable food fish, the tautog, Tautoga onitis, of the Atlantic Coast.

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toggle

1 n. on a dog harness, a kind of button or fastener, such as a piece of bone, attached to the end of an individual dog line so that it can be passed through a ring when the dog is being hitched to the main line of a fan hitch, for example.

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toggy

n. a calf-length greatcoat of skins, usually beaver, worn by Indians and traders in the Hudson Bay country. Also spelled tockey and toggey.

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togony

n. a small wolf, Canis latrans, usually associated with the prairies but found across Canada, mainly in the region south of the range of the larger timber wolf.

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togue

n. North American char, Cristivomer namaycush, having important commercial value.

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tolerance

n. See quote.

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toll plaza

the area at the entry to a toll road, or bridge where the tolls are collected.

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tolt

n. an isolated hill rising abruptly from a plain; monadnock.

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tom-cod 

1 n. See 1784 quote.

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tom-rocker

n. a kind of cradle operated by one man and used to wash gold from gravel.

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tomahawk ((n.)) 

1 n. originally, a light Indian war-club (casse-tête); in later use, a light hatchet often used as a weapon.

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tomahawk ((v.))

1 v. strike with a tomahawk; kill with a tomahawk.

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tomalki

n. Slang See quote. Cp. Calgary redeye.

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tommy-cod

1 n. a small food fish, Microgadus tomcod, of the St. Lawrence River and adjacent waters.

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tongue

n. See 1850 quote.

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tool push(er)

the foreman of a drilling crew.

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Toonik

1 n. a word used by the Eskimo to indicate "a people earlier than themselves," possibly either Dorset or Thule culture Eskimos.

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toothache grass

a species of grass, Ctenium aromaticum, having an aromatic flavor and formerly used as a remedy for toothache.

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top

v. cut the top off a standing tree, usually one to be used as a spar tree.

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tophair

n. the hair and skin from the crown of the head, taken as a trophy.

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toque

1 n. a long knitted bonnet of wool, resembling a stocking tied at the foot end, often tasselled and made in more than one color, associated with French Canada through the voyageurs, woodsmen, etc.

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Torngak

n. a spirit or devil. Also spelled Torngark.

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Torngarsuk

n. great spirit; the chief Torngak.

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Tornit

n. pl. the plural form of Torngak. Various spellings.

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Toronto couch

a simple, inexpensive couch which could be opened out into a double bed.

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Toronto lily

probably the wild orange lily, Lilium philadelphicum.

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Toronto Purchase

See quote.

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Toronto the Good

Toronto, Ontario.

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Tory ((adj.))

1 adj. of or having to do with the Tories (def. 2) of colonial times.

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Tory ((n.)) 

1 n. a supporter of the British Crown during the American Revolution.

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Tory party

the Tories (def. 2) as a political group.

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Toryism

1 n. in colonial times, the political influence of the Tories (def. 2) and all they stood for.

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Toryized

adj. induced to adopt the principles of Toryism (def. 1).

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tossing-pole

n. a kind of trap in which a pole is fixed on a fulcrum, a weight being placed on one end and on the other a snare by which a trapped animal is hoisted into the air.

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tot lot

a playground for very young children.

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tot rink

a skating rink restricted to small children.

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tote road 

See 1912 quote.

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tote wagon

a wagon used to haul supplies to a logging or other camp.

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tote-bag

n. a bag or sack in which to keep provisions while on the trail.

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tote-load

n. a load, such as a wagonload of supplies.

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tote-sleigh

n. See quote.

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tote-team

n. the team used in bringing supplies into a logging or other camp.

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totem

1a n. among certain Indian peoples, a spirit in the form of a creature or plant with which a group, such as a family, and its members are identified, and which is supposed to watch over each of them.

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totem crest

among West Coast Indians: the symbol of a social group such as a clan or phratry.

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totem pole

among certain West Coast Indian tribes, a pole, often a standing tree trunk, which has been carved and painted with the family crests, personal exploits, etc. of the owner.

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totem post

among certain West Coast Indian tribes, a pole, often a standing tree trunk, which has been carved and painted with the family crests, personal exploits, etc. of the owner.

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totem-pole culture

a culture of which totem poles form an essential part.

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totemism

n. the traditions associated with totems (def. 1).

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touch-in-goal

n. a play in which the team receiving a punt behind its own goal line is unable or unwilling to carry the ball back into the field of play, thus conceding a point to the opposition.

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touchdown 

n. a major score, currently valued at six points, achieved when the ball is downed by a player of one team behind the goal-line of the opposing team; also, the act of scoring in this way.

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tough sledding

hard going.

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touladi

n. a North American char, Cristivomer namaycush, having important commercial value. Various older spellings.

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tourist (sleeping-) car

See quotes.

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tow

n. a collection of boomed logs rigged for towing.

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tow timber

logs towed in rafts or booms (def. 3) from one place to another.

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towboater

n. a person employed on a tugboat that hauls log booms, barges, etc.

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tower

n. a high tower from which a member of the forestry service watches for forest fires.

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towerman

n. a person employed to watch for and locate forest fires.

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towline 

n. a strong line or rope used in tracking (def. 1).

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town council

n. the elected municipal officers who administer a town.

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town father

a member of a town council.

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town limit(s)

the area of jurisdiction of a town council.

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town lot 

n. a surveyed parcel of land within the boundaries of a town.

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town meeting

in Upper Canada, a public meeting held annually by citizens of a township to appoint officers and decide on affairs concerning the township (discontinued in 1849 after the passing of the Municipal Act).

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town park

See park lot 1833 quote.

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town plot 

a tract of surveyed land set off for the establishing of a town.

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town warden

n. See 1793 quote.

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town-reeve

n. in Ontario and the western provinces, the chairman of a village, township, or municipal-district council, an elective office except in Alberta.

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townie

n. See 1964 quote.

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township

1a n. an early land division of approximately six square miles.

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township clerk

v. the secretary of a township council.

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township council

the body of elected officers who are responsible for the administration of a township.

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township line

1 the boundary of a township (def. 2a).

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township meeting

in Upper Canada, a public meeting held annually by citizens of a township to appoint officers and decide on affairs concerning the township (discontinued in 1849 after the passing of the Municipal Act).

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township reeve

in Ontario and the western provinces, the chairman of a village, township, or municipal-district council, an elective office except in Alberta.

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townshipper

n. a person from the rural districts.

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Townships

n. pl. eleven Quebec townships lying south of the St. Lawrence River and east of the Richelieu River, an area settled in large part by Loyalists and other American immigrants but now populated largely by French-speaking Canadians.

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townsite

n. a tract of surveyed land set off for the establishing of a town.

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townsite reserves

n. land reserved for the establishing of a town.

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track

1 v. draw or lead a canoe, boat, scow, etc. through rapids, shallows, or other difficult stretches of water by means of a line or lines running from the craft to a man, or men, on the bank or shore.

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track car

a small motorized vehicle used by railway employees for line maintenance.

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track speeder

a small motorized vehicle used by railway employees for line maintenance.

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track-beater

n. a man on snowshoes who runs ahead of a dog team making a passable track in new or deep snow.

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track-beating

n. moving ahead of a dogsled on snowshoes to make a passable track for the team.

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track-breaker

n. a man on snowshoes who runs ahead of a dog team making a passable track in new or deep snow.

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track-line

1 n. a heavy rope used for dragging or hauling sleds, boats, etc.

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track-rope

n. a heavy rope used for dragging or hauling sleds, boats, etc.

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tracker

1 n. a person who tracks (def. 1).

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tracking

1 n. the action or activity of one who tracks.

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tracking beach

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tracking belt

a shoulder belt attached to a track-rope to increase pulling power.

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tracking crew

a group of men employed as trackers (def. 1).

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tracking ground

1 a river bank along which trackers walk when hauling a canoe, boat, etc.

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tracking line

n. a strong line or rope used in tracking (def. 1).

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tracking shoe

a special type of heavy moccasin or beef shoe issued by the Hudson's Bay Company to its boatmen for use in tracking (def. 1) over rough or wet ground.

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tracking trail

a river bank along which trackers walk when hauling a canoe, boat, etc.

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tracking-rope

n. a strong line or rope used in tracking (def. 1).

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trackline

v. draw or lead a canoe, boat, scow, etc. through rapids, shallows, or other difficult stretches of water by means of a line or lines running from the craft to a man, or men, on the bank or shore.

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tractor brigade

n. a tractor-drawn train of sleds and cabooses (def. 5), the principal means of transporting freight, supplies, etc. in the Canadian North in winter.

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tractor caboose

any enclosed structure on bobs or runners functioning as part of a cat-train, whether for the crew or for perishable freight.

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tractor road

a road used by cat-trains.

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tractor swing

n. a tractor-drawn train of sleds and cabooses (def. 5), the principal means of transporting freight, supplies, etc. in the Canadian North in winter.

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tractor trail

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tractor train

n. a tractor-drawn train of sleds and cabooses (def. 5), the principal means of transporting freight, supplies, etc. in the Canadian North in winter.

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tractor-log

v. haul (logs) by tractor.

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tractor-train road

a road used by cat-trains.

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tractor-train trail

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trade ((n.))

1a n. a quantity of furs to be offered in return for goods or credit.

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trade ((v.))

1 v. exchange furs for goods or credit.

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trade goods 

the guns, ammunition, tobacco, blankets, etc. that the fur traders carried in stock to exchange for furs.

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trade gun

a type of muzzle-loader prominent among the trading goods of the fur companies.

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trade jargon

n. a relatively simple trade language used by the Indians of the Pacific Coast in their dealings with whites and Indians of other tribes, based on the language of the Chinook Indians; words from Nootka, Salish, French, English, and other languages were adapted to the jargon.

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trade room

the room in a trading post (def. 1) where the actual bartering takes place.

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trade store

the room in a trading post (def. 1) where the actual bartering takes place.

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trade token

one of the coins or tokens constituting beaver currency. [See picture at beaver.]

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trade whisky

brandy, rum, whisky, or high wines (often diluted and sometimes spiced with pepper, Tabasco, tobacco, or weak acids) traded to the Indians.

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trader

1 n. a person engaged in the fur trade.

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trading (-post) permit

a permit issued to an applicant wishing to establish a trading post (def. 1). and who undertakes to meet certain stipulated conditions.

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trading chief

an industrious leader of a band of Indian hunters, rewarded with coat, tall hat, trousers, and flag, as symbols of headship.

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trading coat

a gaudy garment or outfit of clothing presented to an Indian leader or "captain" (def. 2) as an inducement to trade furs.

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trading fort

a trading post, so called because many early posts were fortified.

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trading goods

the guns, ammunition, tobacco, blankets, etc. that the fur traders carried in stock to exchange for furs.

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trading gun

a type of muzzle-loader prominent among the trading goods of the fur companies.

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trading house

a building or a group of buildings serving as a trading centre for a fur company in a certain region.

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trading outfit

the annual shipment of trading goods and supplies sent by a fur company to its trading posts collectively; also, any part of this shipment dispatched to or received by any particular post.

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trading piece

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trading post

1 a building or a group of buildings serving as a trading centre for a fur company in a certain region.

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trading room

the room in a trading post (def. 1) where the actual bartering takes place.

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trading rum

brandy, rum, whisky, or high wines (often diluted and sometimes spiced with pepper, Tabasco, tobacco, or weak acids) traded to the Indians.

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trading shop

the room in a trading post (def. 1) where the actual bartering takes place.

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trading station

a building or a group of buildings serving as a trading centre for a fur company in a certain region.

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trading store

1 the room in a trading post (def. 1) where the actual bartering takes place.

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trail 

n. a way, especially a footpath, through wild country or bush.

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trail axe

a light, short-handled axe, or hatchet, carried by persons on the trail, used for cutting away underbrush, chopping wood for fires, etc.

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trail biscuit

See bannock 1913 and 1941 quotes.

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trail blaze

n. a white mark made in a tree, usually by chopping off a slice of bark, to indicate a trail or survey line in a forest.

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trail cook

one who cooks for parties on the trail.

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trail musher

n. a prospector, especially an experienced one who spends a lot of time in the wilderness.

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Trail of '98

any of several long, hard trails to the Yukon, followed by stampeders during the gold rush of 1898-99.

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trail ride

a trip through the mountains on horse-back, taken by a party of tourists, campers, etc., led by experienced trailmen.

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trail shoe

See quotes.

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trail work

the hauling of freight on tractor roads.

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trail-breaker

1 n. a man on snowshoes who runs ahead of a dog team making a passable track in new or deep snow.

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trail-breaking

n. moving ahead of a dogsled on snowshoes to make a passable track for the team.

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trail-cart

n. a sturdy two-wheeled cart constructed entirely of wood, the parts being fixed by wooden pins and lashed with shaganappi (def. 1); the wheels were some five feet in diameter and about three inches broad at the rim; the axle carried a simple box equipped with a railing for carrying the load, about 1,000 pounds. As a rule, the carts travelled in trains or brigades and the ungreased wheels gave forth ear-piercing shrieks and squeals which could be heard for miles across the prairie. [See picture at Red River cart.]

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trail-cutter

n. a person who cuts or breaks a trail through the bush.

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trail-horse

n. a horse adept in making his way along tortuous, rocky trails in the mountains.

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trail-maker

1 n. one who leads the way into new fields; pathfinder.

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trail-sled

n. a flat horse-drawn sled used for hauling wood from the bush.

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trailblazer 

1 n. a man knowledgeable about life on the trail in wild country.

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trailbuilder

1 n. a person who cuts or breaks a trail through the bush.

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trailman

n. a man knowledgeable about life on the trail in wild country.

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train ((1))

n. a low runnerless sled used in early Quebec for hauling goods to market and for similar purposes. Also spelled traine.

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train ((2))

1a n. in the North and Northwest, a light tobogganlike dog sled into which a single passenger or a load is laced securely, the dog-driver following behind. Also spelled traine.

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train ((3))

1a n. a number of dog-teams and sleds forming a brigade that moves in single file.

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train boss

the foreman in charge of a cat-train.

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train dog

a dog employed in a dog-team.

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train road

a winter road (def. 2a) kept open for sleighs hauling freight, logs, etc.

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train-leader

n. in a dog team, the dog, sometimes a female, who leads the team, setting the pace and carrying out the driver's commands.

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traine ((1)) ((n.))

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traine ((2)) ((n.))

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traineau

1 n. a low runnerless sled used in early Quebec for hauling goods to market and for similar purposes.

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traineau man

a person who drives a dog team.

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tramp

n. an organized hike held by a snowshoe club.

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trans-Canada ((adj.))

adj. spanning Canada from Atlantic to Pacific.

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Trans-Canada ((n.))

n. the joint federal-provincial highway (and alternate routes) extending from St. John's, Nfld, to Victoria, B.C.

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Trans-Canada Highway

the joint federal-provincial highway (and alternate routes) extending from St. John's, Nfld, to Victoria, B.C.

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trans-provincial

adj. crossing a province.

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transcontinental

1 n. either of the two railways that cross Canada.

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trap berth

v. an area marked off by a trap fisherman, and claimed for his own use.

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trap fisherman

v. a person fishing with a trapboat and cod-traps

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trap house

n. a small structure usually built against a tree trunk or bank and used for housing bait, a trap for small animals being set inside the entrance.

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trap net 

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trap out

exhaust the supply of fur-bearing animals through trapping.

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trap road

n. a series of traps set and maintained by a trapper who periodically runs the line, removing the trapped animals and resetting the traps.

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trapboat

n. a boat, 25 to 35 feet long, having low sides and capable of carrying a cod-trap.

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trapline

1 n. a series of traps set and maintained by a trapper who periodically runs the line, removing the trapped animals and resetting the traps.

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trapline cabin

n. a simple cabin serving as quarters for a trapper.

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trapper canoe

See quote.

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trapper hitch

a method of harnessing sled-dogs in single file, used in country where there are obstructions, as in the bush. [See picture at tandem hitch.]

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trapping cabin

a simple cabin serving as quarters for a trapper.

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trapping camp

1 an Indian camp used as headquarters during a hunt.

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trapping line

the route or trail followed by a trapper maintaining his series of traps.

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trapping path

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trapping track

a series of traps set and maintained by a trapper who periodically runs the line, removing the trapped animals and resetting the traps.

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trapping trail

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trapping-grounds

n. pl. an area where Indians carry on trapping and hunting.

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trapskiff

n. a boat, 25 to 35 feet long, having low sides and capable of carrying a cod-trap.

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travail

1 n. a large, wheel-less conveyance drawn by a horse or pony, the shafts often being teepee poles. [See picture at travois.]

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travel permit area

in a fire district, any area entry to which requires, at certain times of the year, a travel permit, this restriction being intended to reduce the risk of forest fires.

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travelling box

See 1840 quote.

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travelling case

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travelling igloo

See quote.

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travelling spectacles

slotted goggles of wood, bone, ivory, etc., worn as protection against snowblindness, especially by Eskimos. [See picture at snow goggles.]

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traverse ((1)) ((n.))

1a n. an open stretch of water, as a widening in a river or a course across a lake, where canoes or boats are required to leave the shelter of the shoreline.

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traverse ((1)) ((v.))

1 v. make a traverse (def. 1b).

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traverse ((2)) ((n.))

n. a log used as one of the crosspieces of the framework of a crib, dram, or other raft.

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traverse ((3)) ((n.))

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travois

1 n. a simple wheel-less conveyance originally used by the Indians and made of two poles on which was a platform or net for holding a load, the contrivance being pulled by a dog. [See picture.]

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travois pole

a pole, usually a teepee pole, used as one of the shafts of a travois (def. 2).

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travois trail

a track created by the passing of many travois.

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treacle

n. a syrup made from the sap of certain maple trees, especially the sugar maple.

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Treasury Board

See quote.

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treasury branch

in Alberta, a banking office, in effect, a savings bank, chartered by the provincial government.

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treaty

1a n. one of a number of official agreements between the federal government and certain Indian bands whereby the Indians forego their right to certain lands, except for stipulated reserves, and accept treaty money, a supply of rations, and other kinds of government assistance, including protection and supervision.

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treaty agent

the government agent on a treaty party (def. 1).

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treaty annuity

the annual cash payment (usually $5.00) received by Indians whose names are entered in the Indian Register.

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treaty card

See 1933 quote.

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treaty coat

a resplendent coat given to certain Indian chiefs at the original taking of treaty (def. la).

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treaty commissioner

an official of the Dominion government who was empowered to establish treaty (def. la) with the Indians.

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Treaty Day

the day on which treaty (def. la) was originally taken out by a group of Indians; nowadays, any day on which treaty money is paid.

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treaty district

one of the administrative districts into which the Northwest was divided to facilitate the arranging of treaties (def. la).

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treaty Indian

an Indian who is in receipt of treaty money or who adheres to a treaty (def. la).

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treaty lands

land settlements accepted in lieu of treaty money by Indians electing to do so.

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treaty list

the record kept by the Indian Affairs Branch of the federal government for all Indians in receipt of treaty money, or equivalent payment.

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treaty medal

a medal presented to band chiefs and councillors on the occasion of a treaty (def. 1a) being entered into.

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treaty money

the annual cash payment (usually $5.00) received by Indians whose names are entered in the Indian Register.

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treaty party

1 the party representing the government on the occasion of treaty payments (def. 1), usually comprising a government agent, a doctor, and a member of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police.

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treaty payment

1 an annual payment of treaty money.

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treaty point

a stated place where a treaty commissioner had agreed to meet Indians who wished to take treaty.

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treaty rights

the rights guaranteed to Indians in their treaties (def. la) with the federal government.

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treaty roll

the record kept by the Indian Affairs Branch of the federal government for all Indians in receipt of treaty money, or equivalent payment.

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Treaty Shore

that part of the Newfoundland coast, since 1783 from Cape St. John northward on the east and the entire west coast down to Cape Ray, where by the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 the French were granted fishery and shore-drying rights, an arrangement that lasted until 1904.

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treaty time

the time at which treaty money is paid.

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treaty tobacco

tobacco distributed to Indians as part of the supplies accompanying treaty payment.

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treaty trip

a journey taken by a treaty party (def. 1) in making annual treaty payments.

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tree claim

a tract of forested land the bounds of which have been established by the government, which leases or sells the rights to fell and remove timber.

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tree faller

n. a person whose work is to fell trees.

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tree limit

n. the line north of which trees do not grow; the line where the Barrens begin.

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tree-grouse

n. the spruce partridge and certain related species of grouse.

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tree-platform

n. a tree (or scaffold) used as a resting place for the dead, especially among the Prairie and West Coast Indians.

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treeline

1 n. on a mountain, the line beyond which trees do not grow.

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tremble

n. See 1957 quote.

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tremblier

n. a grove of poplars.

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trench ((n.))

n. an ice-cutting tool. Also spelled tranch. [See picture at ice-chisel.]

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trench ((v.))

v. hunt beaver by trenching.

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trenching

n. a method of trapping beaver by means of a trench cut across a frozen river with a long ice-chisel, a row of stakes being driven through the trench to prevent the escape of the beaver while the beaver house is opened from the top, the various escape hatches also being closed by stakes.

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trenching-tool

n. an ice-cutting tool.

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trenchliner

n. a backhoe trench-digging machine.

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triangle country

the dry belt of southern Saskatchewan and Alberta, also known as Palliser's Triangle.

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trigger-puller

n. a high scorer.

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trillium

n. any of several trilliums having a flower resembling a lily, especially Trillium grandiflorum, the floral emblem of Ontario.

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trip

v. travel through the bush by trail or canoe; take to the trails.

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trip money

the money paid to a tripman for his services.

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tripe

n. an edible lichen of the genus, Umbilicaria (or, less often, the genus Gyrophora), having circular, leathery, gray­to-brownish thalli found attached to certain rocks by a threadlike holdfast.

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tripe de roche

an edible lichen of the genus, Umbilicaria (or, less often, the genus Gyrophora), having circular, leathery, gray­to-brownish thalli found attached to certain rocks by a threadlike holdfast.

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triplex

n. a building containing three self-contained apartments or suites.

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tripman

n. a man other than a permanent employee, taken on for single trip with a brigade (def. 1).

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tripod set

See quote.

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tripper

1 n. a man other than a permanent employee, taken on for single trip with a brigade (def. 1).

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tripping

1 n. a trading trip for furs; trade carried on at an Indian camp away from the post.

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tripping (snow)shoe

See quotes at trail shoe.

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tripping axe

See quote.

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tripping kit

the gear used in tripping (def. 2).

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triservice

adj. designating all three branches of the Canadian Forces--navy, army, and air force.

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trou

n. See 1912 quote.

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trough

n. See scoop, n. 1853 quote.

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trousseau tea

a tea-party at which a bride shows off her trousseau to her friends and accepts gifts for adding to it.

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trouter

n. dial.var. of throater.

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truck system 

a credit system under which a fisherman, logger, trapper, etc. gets his outfit and supplies for the season as an advance and is committed to trade only with the merchant extending the credit, all or most dealings being in kind.

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trunk line

an access road (def. 1), so called because smaller forest trails branch from it.

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trunk road

an access road (def. 1), so called because smaller forest trails branch from it.

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trunk-hole

n. See quote.

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trust ((n.))

n. credit extended to hunters and trappers in the form of supplies to be paid for out of the coming year's catch.

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trust ((v.))

v. extend credit to.

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trustee

n. a member of a school board.

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Tsonoqu(o)a

n. See quotes.

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tuckamore

n. See quotes.

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tucking bush

See quote.

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tugger

n. See quote.

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tuktu

1 n. any of several species of North American reindeer, genus Rangifer, native to Canada, Alaska, and formerly to Maine and Mass.

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tullibee

n. a species of whitefish, Leucichthys tullibee.

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tumbleweed 

n. a plant, as Amaranthus graecizans, whose upper part breaks off from the root in autumn and is driven about by the wind.

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tump ((n.)) 

n. a kind of harness for carrying heavy loads, drawing on a tracking line, etc., consisting of a leather strap that is broad at the middle and tapers at both ends, the broad band being placed around the forehead (or chest) and the two ends attached to the pack or other load. [See picture at tumpline.]

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tump ((v.)) 

v. haul by means of a tumpline.

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tump pack

a backpack carried with the aid of a tumpline.

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tump strap

n. a kind of harness for carrying heavy loads, drawing on a tracking line, etc., consisting of a leather strap that is broad at the middle and tapers at both ends, the broad band being placed around the forehead (or chest) and the two ends attached to the pack or other load. [See picture at tumpline.]

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tumpline 

n. a kind of harness for carrying heavy loads, drawing on a tracking line, etc., consisting of a leather strap that is broad at the middle and tapers at both ends, the broad band being placed around the forehead (or chest) and the two ends attached to the pack or other load. [See picture at tumpline.]

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tumtum

n. heart; affection; mind; opinion.

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tundra 

n. the inhospitable tundra, of northern Canada.

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tundra deer

any of several species of North American reindeer, genus Rangifer, native to Canada, Alaska, and formerly to Maine and Mass.

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tundra lands

the inhospitable tundra, of northern Canada.

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tundra plain

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tundra wolf

a large wolf, Canis lupus tundrarum, of the Arctic.

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Tunit

n. a word used by the Eskimo to indicate "a people earlier than themselves," possibly either Dorset or Thule culture Eskimos.

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tunnel boat

See 1942 quote.

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tupek

n. a tent of skins, used as a summer dwelling.

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tupek ring

a ring of stones used to hold down a tent, such as a teepee or tupek, often remaining in position after the tent has been removed.

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tuque

1 n. a long knitted bonnet of wool, resembling a stocking tied at the foot end, often tasselled and made in more than one color, associated with French Canada through the voyageurs, woodsmen, etc. [See picture]

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turkey

n. the little brown crane, Grus canadensis.

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turning harp

n. a large grey seal, Phoca groenlandica, so called because of the harp-shaped markings on its back.

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turnip of the plains

See prairie turnip 1892 quote.

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turnout

n. the time in spring when cattle are turned out to forage for themselves.

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turnpike ((n.))

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turnpike ((v.)) 

v. make in the manner of a turnpike road.

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turnpike company 

n. a company organized to build or maintain turnpike roads.

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turnpike road 

n. See 1927 quote.

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turnpike shovel

See scraper 1935 quote.

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turnpiking

1 n. the making of a turnpike road.

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turr

1 the razor-billed auk, Alca torda.

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twenty-cent piece

a silver coin (valued at twenty cents) of which 750,000 only were minted in the Canadas, the series being discontinued in 1858.

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twillick

n. either the greater yellowlegs, Totanus melanoleucus, or the lesser yellowlegs, T. flavipes.

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Twin Cities

1 See 1912 quote.

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twinberry

n. a trailing evergreen shrub, Mitchella repens, having roundish leaves and white blossoms.

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twinflower 

n. a plant, Linnaea borealis, whose sweet-smelling flowers are in pairs.

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twist

n. tobacco prepared in twisted ropes, prominent among the trade goods of the fur companies.

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twist (up)

v. place tobacco into a small rectangle of paper and make a cigarette by rolling the paper round the tobacco with a deft motion of the fingers and thumbs.

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twister

n. a kind of doughnut made by folding a six-inch roll of dough in half and twining the two halves around each other.

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twisting

n. a cigarette rolled by hand.

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twitch-up 

n. a kind of set (def. 1) that consists of a resilient sapling having a snare or trap attached to the top and being bent over so that when the trap is sprung, the caught animal is hoisted in the air.

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two bits 

twenty-five cents.

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two Canadas

from 1791 to 1841, Upper Canada and Lower Canada; also, after 1841, Canada West and Canada East, although technically one province.

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two-and-a-half-point blanket

a grade of point blanket.

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two-bit 

adj. cheap; inferior.

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two-cent prospect

the minimum prospect (about two cents per pan) considered worth working.

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two-member constituency

a riding (def. 2) represented by two members of Parliament or of the legislative assembly.

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two-point blanket

a grade of point blanket.

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two-side camp

a logging camp having two operations underway simultaneously.

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two-sticker

n. a small two-masted fishing schooner, sometimes equipped with outriggers.

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two-way player

in hockey, lacrosse, etc. a player who is effective both on offence and defence.

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tyee

1 n. the chief of an Indian tribe or band.

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tyee chinook

a Chinook salmon, especially one over a specified weight. See tyee (def. 3) 1958 quote.

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tyee klootchman

a female ruler, specifically Queen Victoria.

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tyee salmon

a Chinook salmon, especially one over a specified weight. See tyee (def. 3) 1958 quote.

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tyeeship

n. the rank and responsibilities of a tyee (def. 1).

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Tyndall (lime)stone

a kind of blue-gray limestone quarried near Garson, Manitoba and famous as a building stone for ornamental purposes since production began in 1896.

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tête-de-femme

n. See niggerhead (def. 2a) 1898 quote.

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