DCHP-1 Online
Chouayen [< Cdn F; see 1904 quote] Hist. 
n. a derogatory name given to the French-Canadian supporters of the British governing group in Lower Canada.
- 1848 (1866) The province, by this time, from the agitation that had arisen, was divided into two distinct parties . . . the one set characterising their opponents by the odious cant terms of "anti-canadiens, choyens, or anglais"--those of "frenchmen, democrats, boutefeus," being as freely and indeed angrily bestowed in return by the other class.
- 1904 As to those of the French Canadians who sided with the Bureaucrats and l'oligarchie, they were dubbed Chouayens. The origin of the word is thus explained: At the taking of Oswego, called Chouagen, by the French led by Montcalm, some militiamen deserted, and were afterwards called Chouauens. . . . Etienne Parent was the first to apply this soubriquet to those pusillanimous or cowardly countrymen who refused to follow Papineau.
- 1848 (1866) The province, by this time, from the agitation that had arisen, was divided into two distinct parties . . . the one set characterising their opponents by the odious cant terms of "anti-canadiens, choyens, or anglais"--those of "frenchmen, democrats, boutefeus," being as freely and indeed angrily bestowed in return by the other class.